Spain

Emergency numbers 

Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes and providing emergency services 

• Dial 016 for toll-free domestic violence hotline. 
• Dial 112 for local emergency services.  
• Dial +34-91-587-2200 for the U.S. Embassy in Madrid. 
• Dial +34-93-280-2227 for the U.S. Consulate General Barcelona.

Terrorism 

Terrorists and their supporters may target U.S. citizens abroad with knives, firearms, and vehicles. 

Terrorists may target crowds at: 

• Large public events like sporting contests, political rallies, demonstrations, holiday events, and celebratory gatherings
• Popular hotels, clubs, and restaurants 
• Places of worship 
• Schools  
• Parks 
• Shopping malls and markets 
• Public transportation (subways, buses, trains, and commercial flights) 

Spanish authorities have taken strong measures to prevent terrorist attacks, including arresting suspects linked to plots. However, credible sources report terrorist groups continue to plan attacks in Europe, including in Spain.

Crime 

Pickpocketing and other types of theft are very common in Spain. Criminals often use distractions to steal from victims. Car break-ins are also frequent in Spain. 

Street crimes against U.S. citizens usually occur in:  

• Tourist spots 
• Airports 
• Train stations 
• Urban and beach destinations 

Violent crimes, including robberies, have been reported. Some victims have needed medical treatment.

Follow these tips to stay safe: 

• Use common sense. Stay alert to your surroundings.  
• Take the same personal security measures you would take at a large city or tourist destination. 
• Always keep track of your passport, including on flights and other transportation. 
• There have been reports of passports being stolen on planes to and from Spain, changing gates, collecting luggage at baggage claim, or while waiting for a taxi.  
• Do not let your guard down when you pass through security at any airport. This is particularly true at the Barcelona International Airport. 
• Keep track of all personal belongings when picking up rental cars or while waiting for taxis. 
• Never leave bags unattended. Keep valuables like passports, cash, and phones in a safe spot, not in outer pockets or on tables or floors. 
• Don't leave bags on chairs, counters, or on top of our suitcase or travel bag. Do not leave bags out of your control in places like hotel lobbies, train stations, car rental places, airports, or restaurants. 
• Avoid carrying your passport unless needed for travel, especially in tourist areas. Instead, carry a copy or photo of your passport's bio page.  
• Consider leaving your passport in a secure place, like a hotel safe. You will need your passport to check in to any hotel in Spain, and you may need it for trains.

Sexual assault

The U.S. Mission in Spain has received many reports of sexual assaults of U.S. citizens. Victims include younger travelers, students, and exchange teachers.

• Many U.S. victims of sexual assault in Spain say they feel judged and re-victimized during the long and difficult criminal justice process.
• While not required, many U.S. victims of sexual assault in Spain find it helpful to hire a local lawyer or use the Office of Victim's Assistance for support during the legal process. Information about this service is given at the police station when the report is filed.
• There have been many reports of sexual assaults by Manuel Blanco Vela, a tour operator in Seville, Spain, against U.S. student victims. Research tour companies online to make informed decisions.
• Many sexual assaults happen at night or early morning. Attackers use alcohol or drugs to make victims more vulnerable.

Domestic violence 

Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes and providing emergency services. 

• Dial 016 for toll-free domestic violence hotline.
• Dial 112 for local emergency services.
• Dial +34-91-587-2200 for the U.S. Embassy in Madrid. 
• Dial+34-93-280-2227 for the U.S. Consulate General Barcelona.

The U.S. Department of State provides information on help for U.S. victims of crime abroad. 

We can: 

• Help you find appropriate medical care. 
• Help you report a crime to the police. 
• Contact family or friends with your written consent. 
• Provide general information about the victim’s role during the local investigation.  
• Provide a list of local attorneys.   
• Inform you of victim’s compensation programs in the U.S. 
• Issue an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States, and, or limited medical support in cases of poverty. 
• Replace a lost or stolen passport. 

Demonstrations  

Demonstrations are common. They may take place in response to political or economic issues, on politically significant holidays, and during international events.  

• Demonstrations can be unpredictable. Avoid areas around protests and demonstrations.   
• Past demonstrations have turned violent.    
• Check local media for updates and traffic advisories.

Scams 

Follow the Department of State guidelines to protect yourself from scams and learn how the FBI can help.    

Financial scams are common in Spain. Be careful of anyone asking for money, especially those who start a "romantic" relationship online or claim Spanish authorities want money. Scams often begin through online posts, emails, or letters. Scammers pretend to be U.S. citizens in need of help.  

Common scams include:    

• People claiming to be U.S. military personnel 
• Romance and online dating  
• Money transfers  
• Grandparent and relative targeting  
• Free trip or luggage  
• Lotteries  
• Inheritance notices  
• Work permits and job offers

Tourism 

The tourism industry is generally regulated.   

• Rules with regards to general practices and safety inspections are regularly enforced.   
• Dangerous areas and activities are marked with signs.   
• Trained staff are usually there to help with organized activities.   
• If someone gets hurt, they can usually get medical help anywhere in the country.  
• In smaller cities, it might take longer for medical help to arrive and assist.   

U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance.  Review our information on insurance providers for coverage abroad.

Arrest notification 

If you are arrested or detained, ask police to notify the U.S. Embassy Madrid or U.S. Consulate General Barcelona immediately.  

Counterfeit and pirated goods 

Counterfeit and pirated goods are prevalent in many countries.  

• They may be illegal according to local laws.   
• Counterfeit and pirated goods may pose significant risks to consumer health and safety.   
• You may be subject to fines or have to give up counterfeit and pirated goods if you bring them back to the United States.   
• U.S. Customs and Border Protection  
• U.S. Department of Justice

Faith-based travelers 

Faith based travel includes pilgrimages, service projects and mission work. Prepare for your travel using these resources:   

• Faith-Based Travel Information 
• International Religious Freedom Report 
• Human Rights Report  
• Best Practices for Volunteering Abroad 

Gay and lesbian travelers:  

There are no legal restrictions on same-sex sexual relations or the organization of gay or lesbian events in Spain.  

• Tips for Gay and Lesbian Travelers   
• Human Rights report  (section 6)

Travelers with accessibility needs 

Spanish laws prohibit discrimination against people with physical, sensory, intellectual or mental disabilities. The law is enforced. 

• Public transportation, lodging, information, and general infrastructure are accessible.  
• Taxis that can accommodate wheelchairs are available. They must be booked in advance. 
• In historic areas and older areas, sidewalks can be narrow and have uneven surfaces. Take this into account when planning your visit.   
• Accessibility may be more limited in small towns and villages. 
• Rental, repair, and replacement parts for aids, equipment, and devices is widely available.  
• Sign language interpreters or personal assistants are widely available in Spain. 

Review our information on traveling with Accessibility Needs.

Students 

Many arrests, accidents, and violent crimes involving U.S. citizens in Spain are alcohol related. Drink in moderation and stay with friends at clubs, bars, or while traveling. 

• Exercise caution and good judgment to make your study-abroad experience a positive and safe one.  
• If you are coming to Spain to participate in a sports program, please check with the Embassy of Spain that you have the correct visa. 
• Do your research before contracting a tour operator or other service provider, including coaches and organizers of sports camps, schools, and training centers. 
• Exercise caution when agreeing to an internship or to serve as a recruiter for a specific organization or company.  
• Students Abroad page  
• FBI travel tips for U.S. students.

Women travelers  

The U.S. Mission in Spain has received numerous reports of sexual assaults affecting U.S. citizens. Victims include younger travelers, students, and exchange teachers.  

• Travel tips for women travelers 

Health resources 

• CDC's Spain Traveler Information 
• CDC's Health Traveler Information
• CDC's Medical Tourism information
• World Health Organization 
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)   
• Travel Insurance

Emergency number 

• Dial 112 for emergency services .  You may ask for an English-speaking attendant.

Prescription medications 

Good medical care is available in Spain. However, the rules for medications are different from those in the United States: 

• Do not ship medication from the United States to Spain. Spanish rules do not permit the international shipment of medications. 
• Spanish customs will reject and return any medication sent from the United States. This could cause a long delay in receiving your medications. 
• The U.S. Embassy cannot help you get back medications taken by Spanish customs. 
• Medications requiring prescriptions in the United States also require a local doctor’s prescription in Spain.  
• Some medicines prescribed in the United States do not have a local equivalent.  
• Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription. Check with the Spanish embassy to ensure the medication is legal in Spain. 
• Review the European Agency for Medication list prior to travel. 

Medical payments and insurance 

• The U.S. government does not pay medical bills. 
• U.S. Medicare and Medicaid do not cover expenses or bills abroad. 
• Most hospitals and doctors abroad do not accept U.S. health insurance. 
• Medical care is not free in Spain. If you require medical attention, you will incur expenses, even if you are treated in a public healthcare facility. 
• Lack of payment may bar future travel to Spain. 
• Most care providers abroad only accept cash payments. 
• Make sure your health insurance plan provides coverage abroad for reimbursement of payments. The CDC provides more information on types of insurance available. 
• We strongly recommend supplemental insurance to cover medical evacuation. 

Vaccinations 

Stay up to date on vaccinations recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Healthcare facilities 

Adequate health facilities are available throughout the country.  

• Private hospitals usually require payment or proof insurance or funds before admitting a patient.   
• Medical staff may speak little or no English.  
• Patients may be asked to bear costs for transfer to or between hospitals.  
• Patients must pay for medical treatment in public hospitals. 

The U.S. Embassy maintains a list of doctors and hospitals. We do not endorse or recommend any specific medical provider or clinic.

Medical tourism and elective surgery 

U.S. citizens have suffered serious complications or died during or after having cosmetic or other elective surgery. 

• Medical tourism is a rapidly growing industry.  
• Medical systems work differently than in the U.S. and have different rules and regulations. 
• Consult with your local physician before traveling for medical treatment abroad.

Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for more information on Medical Tourism.

Assisted reproductive technology and surrogacy 

• Surrogacy is illegal in Spain. 
• The Department of State provides information on ART and surrogacy abroad. 

Adventure travel 

• Review the CDC's information on Adventure Travel .

Air quality 

Air pollution can be a significant problem in many destinations overseas. 

• Check NASA’s Air Quality Forecast. It uses Artificial Intelligence (AI), historical data, and global pollution modeling to generate a 3-day forecast of expected air quality. 
• For information about common air pollutants, check the CDC’s Air Quality page
• For information about the U.S. Air Quality Index and health guidance, check out the EPA’s AirNow. 
• For general health information, visit the Medicine and Health page. 

Helpful resources 

• Driving and Transportation Safety Abroad
• Dial 112  for emergency services or roadside assistance.

Road conditions and safety 

Road conditions in Spain can differ significantly from those in the United States.  

• Drivers and pedestrians should be extra careful in Madrid and Barcelona. Traffic is faster than in the U.S. and can be confusing due to different signs, traffic lights, and driving habits.  
• Motorbikes sometimes weave through lanes. 
• You must follow the traffic light at your stop line, as each side of the intersection has its own light.  
• Be extra cautious when driving at night in cities. Some drivers or pedestrians may be under the influence. 
• In rural areas, night driving can be risky due to farm animals and poorly marked roads.  
• Rural traffic is heavier in July, August, and around Christmas and Easter. 

Traffic laws  

You must obtain an International Driving Permit prior to your arrival if you plan to drive in Spain. The permits are only valid for 1 year. 

• You must have an International Driving Permit to rent a car. If the police catch you without one, they might impound your rental car, and you will have to pay a fine on the spot. 
• It is illegal to use a mobile phone without a hands-free device while driving.  You could face a €300 fine and risk losing your license. 
• All drivers and passengers must buckle up, including in taxis and the backseat. 
• Wear a reflective vest if you stop on the roadside. Place a reflective triangle warning sign. 
• Liability insurance is required to drive any car or motorcycle. 
• If stopped by local authorities, you may be fined on the spot. You will get a receipt for payment. 

Public transportation 

Public transportation in large Spanish cities is generally excellent. 

• Cabs: Only use clearly identified cabs. Make sure that taxi drivers always switch the meter “on.” This does not apply to fixed-fare trips to and from the Madrid airport. Ask for a receipt. Official taxis from Madrid airport to the city center cost a flat €33. Taxis from Barcelona airport to the cruise terminal cost a flat fee.  
• Private transportation: Companies such as Uber or Cabify are often used in Madrid and Barcelona. However, check private transportation websites for operating status before arrival. 
• Rail: Service is comfortable and reliable but varies in quality and speed.  
• Intercity buses: Usually comfortable and inexpensive. 

Review the Spanish government's information on traffic regulations.

Aviation safety oversight 

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has found that Spain’s Civil Aviation Authority meets international standards for aviation safety oversight. FAA’s website includes more information on its assessment program. 

Maritime travel

Mariners planning travel to Spain should check the following:   

• U.S. Coast Guard Homeport Directory 
• U.S. Department of Transportation Maritime Advisories 
• MARAD Active Maritime Alerts  
• Maritime Safety Office Navigational Warnings