Kosovo

Safety and security

Emergency phones numbers

• Dial 112 for police, emergency ambulance, and fire.
• Dial 0800-11-112 for Kosovo’s Victim Advocacy and Assistance Office (VAO). 

Crime

Petty street crime is the most common safety concern for U.S. citizens in tourist areas. 

Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes and providing emergency services. These organizations are responsible for safety in Kosovo: 

• The Kosovo Police
• The European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX)
• The Kosovo Force KFOR

The U.S. Embassy has no law enforcement authority.

Violent crime against U.S. citizens is rare. But be aware of your public profile. Avoid drawing attention to yourself as a U.S. citizen. 

Terrorism

Terrorists and their supporters may target U.S. citizens abroad.

• Review more information Terrorism.

Terrorists may target:

• Large public events (sporting contests, public rallies, demonstrations, holiday events, celebratory gatherings, etc.)
• Popular hotels, clubs and restaurants 
• Places of worship 
• Schools 
• Parks
• Shopping malls and markets
• Public transportation (buses, trains)
• Commercial flights 

Unrest

U.S. Embassy personnel cannot travel to the municipalities of North Mitrovica, Leposavic, Zubin Potok, and Zvecan due to previous violence and tension in those areas. Do not visit these locations. The U.S. embassy has limited ability to help U.S. citizens, if you face difficulties there.

• Organized crime is present in Kosovo. It can lead to violent clashes between rival groups. Most incidents are politically motivated. They are not directed at tourists or foreigners.
• Sporting events may lead to violent clashes or protests.
• Celebratory gunfire and fireworks are common during holidays. Stray bullets and fireworks have caused serious injuries and deaths. Stay inside when watching fireworks to avoid potential hazards.

Demonstrations

Demonstrations can occur, particularly in Pristina, without notice. They can cause serious traffic disruptions and potentially violent incidents.    

• Demonstrations can be unpredictable. 
• Avoid areas around protests and other demonstrations.
• Past demonstrations have sometimes turned violent. 
• Check local media for updates and traffic advisories.
• For more information, visit U.S. Embassy Kosovo’s alert and messages page.

Scams

Follow the Department of State guidelines to protect yourself from scams. 

If you are a victim of a scam, learn how the FBI can help.

Financial and internet romance scams are common in Europe. Be careful of anyone asking for money, especially those who start a “romantic” relationship online or claim local authorities want money. Scams often begin through online posts, emails, or letters. Scammers pretend to be U.S. citizens in need of help.

Common scams include: 

• People claiming to be U.S. military personnel
• People claiming to be detained or hospitalized abroad
• Romance and online dating
• Money transfers
• Grandparent and relative targeting
• Free trip or luggage
• Lotteries
• Inheritance notices
• Work permits and job offers

If using dating apps or websites in Kosovo:

• Criminals may use dating apps to target potential victims for robbery or assault.
• Let your friends and family know where you are and consider sharing your location on your phone.
• Meet in a popular public place.
• Tell your family or friends all the details about the person you are meeting and how you met them (which app).
• Set up and talk using a video call before agreeing to meet in person.
• Avoid locations where you can be isolated, like hotel rooms, private apartments or houses.
• Never leave food or drinks unattended at a bar or restaurant.
• Observe the preparation of your food or drink order when possible.
• Refuse offers of food or drinks from strangers.
• Have a communication plan with friends or family. Send updates to them on an agreed schedule.

Victims of crime

Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes. You may report crimes to the local police by dialing 112.

Victims of crime or sexual assault should first find a safe place. Call the local police immediately to report the incident. After that, contact the U.S. embassy:

• Dial 112 to report crimes to the local police. Police responsiveness to criminal reports varies greatly. 
• Dial +383-38-5959-3000 for the U.S. embassy (available 24/7). 
• Dial 0800-11-112 toll free 24/7 for the Kosovo’s Victims’ Advocacy and Assistance Office (VAO). The VAO provides information and guidance. It also allows the public and victims to report crimes. The VAO may help with medical exams, protection orders, or case updates.
• For more safety and security information in Kosovo, review Kosovo 2019 Crime and Safety Report - OSAC.
• Review information on help for U.S. victims of crime abroad. 
• Review Embassy Pristina’s Victims of Crime page.

The U.S. embassy can:

• Replace a stolen or lost passport.
• Help you find medical care.
• Assist you in how to report a crime to the police.
• Contact relatives or friends with your written consent.
• Provide general information regarding the criminal justice system.
• Provide a list of local attorneys. We do not endorse or recommend any specific attorneys.
• Provide information on victim compensation programs in the United States.
• Provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States or limited medical support in cases of need.
• Help you find accommodation and options to travel home.

Sexual assault and domestic violence 

• U.S. citizen victims of sexual assault are encouraged to contact the U.S. embassy and local law enforcement for help.

Technology use abroad

Mobile devices are vulnerable to compromise, theft, and damage anywhere in the world. Follow these safe practices:

• Update all software (operating system and apps) before leaving the United States.
• Use reputable, U.S.-based VPN or VoIP applications.
• Don’t connect to public Wi-Fi networks.
• Research the safety of routes recommended by GPS. The fastest route is not always the safest.
• Be cautious using dating apps abroad, as scammers often target U.S. citizens.
• Research restrictions on drones, satellite phones, or other technology.
• Be careful with public internet cafes and open Wi-Fi. Your sensitive info, like passwords, can be stolen.

GPS

Prior to using GPS abroad:

• Research the route recommended by the GPS to make sure it’s safe.
• The fastest path may not be the safest.

Tourism safety

The tourism industry in Kosovo is not regulated. 

• Inspection of equipment and facilities are rare. Hazardous areas may lack proper signage and staff lack proper training.
• Certification by the host government or recognized bodies may not exist. 
• First responders usually can't reach areas outside major cities to provide urgent care. U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance. 
• Review our information on Travel Insurance. 

Adventure travel

• Review the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) tips for Adventure Travel.

Local laws and customs

Criminal penalties

U.S. citizens must follow local laws. If you break local laws, even by mistake, you could be deported, arrested, or imprisoned. 

• Some laws are prosecutable in the United States, regardless of local law. For examples, review information on crimes against minors abroad and the Department of Justice website.
• Before you start a business or profession in Kosovo, you must seek information from local authorities about what permits or licenses are required. 

Arrest notification

• If you are arrested or detained, ask the arresting authority to notify the U.S. embassy.  
• Standards in the Kosovo criminal justice system are different from the U.S. system. Long detentions are common before and during judicial proceedings. The U.S. embassy cannot speed up legal proceedings or secure releases. 

Counterfeit and pirated goods

Counterfeit and pirated goods are common in many destinations.

• They may be illegal according to local laws.
• Counterfeit and pirated goods may pose significant risks to consumer health and safety.
• You may be subject to fines or have to surrender counterfeit and pirated goods to authorities if you bring them back to the United States.

Learn more about U.S. restrictions on counterfeit and pirated goods: 

• U.S. Customs and Border Protection 
• U.S. Department of Justice

Power outages

• Sometimes power outages can occur in Kosovo. They may disrupt public services.

Natural disaster risk

Kosovo is in a seismically active area with the possibility for earthquakes. Review more information on what to do before and during a natural disaster:

• U.S. Embassy Kosovo
• Kosovo Emergency Management Agency
• The U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides info on disaster preparedness.
• U.S. Geological Survey provides updates on recent seismic and volcanic activity. 

Explosive devices

Some border areas in Kosovo still have unexploded ordnances and mines. 

• Seek information through local authorities. Ask about marked and unmarked areas with leftover mines and unexploded ordnance. 
• Report any suspicious item to the local authorities.

Climbing and hiking 

For outdoor activities, seek a local guide's advice. 

• Stay in touch with family and friends. Provide your route and contact details to someone who is not traveling with you.
• Weather in Kosovo shifts suddenly no matter the season.
• Temperatures can drop overnight. Snow can fall unexpectedly.
• If in trouble, call the local emergency number 112. Local authorities will help to the best of their ability.
• Check local organizations for information, like the Kosovo Mountain Search and Rescue Service and Kosovo Search and Rescue Association.

Athletes

Some Kosovo sports clubs may not honor contracts. This has been reported by foreign players. Before signing a contract or relocating:

• Consult the embassy's information page.
• Make sure you can afford your trip and return to the United States if you face problems.

Property disputes

The U.S. government has no jurisdiction over property or private disputes in Kosovo.

• The U.S. embassy cannot protect personal property. It cannot take sides in legal disputes.
• The Government of Kosovo Judicial Council (KJC) website has information on its legal system.

Faith-based travelers

Faith based travel includes pilgrimages, service projects, and mission work. Prepare for your travel using these resources:

• Faith-Based Travel Information
• International Religious Freedom Report
• Human Rights Report 
• Best Practices for Volunteering Abroad

Gay and lesbian travelers

Kosovo has no restrictions or laws against same-sex relations or events related to gay and lesbian rights. 

• Gay and lesbian individuals have anti-discrimination protections. However, discrimination is still common. 
• Gay and lesbian travelers must be cautious if they choose to visit Kosovo. Do not engage in public displays of affection.
• Some police officers may not know the gay and lesbian community's needs. 
• Review our information for Gay and Lesbian travelers.

Travelers with accessibility needs

There are anti-discriminatory laws in place in Kosovo. This applies to jobs, education, health care, and state services. But access for people with accessibility needs differs from the United States.

• Support for disabled people is limited.
• The law mandates access for disabled people to official buildings. However, it is not enforced. 
• Most buildings have no access for proper support. 
• Public transportation for such persons is very limited. 
• Review our information on Accessibility Needs.

Students

• Review our information on Studying Abroad.

Women travelers

• Review our information for  Women Travelers.
• Review our information on overseas Marriage.
• Review our information for Victims of Crimes.

Human rights

There are no credible reports of significant human rights abuses in Kosovo. 

Review the U.S. Department of State’s Kosovo page for your destination prior to traveling.

Health

Health resources 

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Kosovo Travel Information provides destination specific information on prevalent disease and vaccination recommendations.
• CDC Medical Tourism Information 
• World Health Organization
• Medicine and Health
• National Institute of Public Health Kosovo

Emergency phone numbers

• Dial 112 for emergency medical services. Help in English may be available.

Ambulance services

Kosovo has ambulances available, but response time may be poor. 

• Ambulances will take you to the public hospital. 
• Injured or very ill travelers might prefer to take a taxi or their own car to the nearest major hospital. This option can be faster than waiting for an ambulance.

Healthcare facilities

The U.S. embassy maintains a list of doctors and hospitals. We do not endorse or recommend any specific medical provider or clinic.

• Kosovo has a public hospital in Pristina, and there are several private clinics around the country. 
• Medical facilities outside Pristina have limited services. 
• Quality controls are lacking, and services are very basic. 
• Hygiene may be below U.S. or Western European standards. 
• Medical care is below U.S. or Western European standards.

Medical payments and insurance

Make sure your health insurance plan provides coverage abroad. Most care providers abroad only accept cash payments. International travel insurance is crucial. 

• The U.S. government does not pay medical bills.
• U.S. Medicare and Medicaid do not cover expenses or bills abroad.
• Most hospitals and doctors abroad do not accept U.S. health insurance.
• Medical care is not free in Kosovo. If you require medical attention, you will incur expenses, even if you are treated in a public healthcare facility.
• Lack of payment may impact future travel to Kosovo.
• Hospitals often need payment up front. 
•  The CDC provides more information on types of insurance. If you purchase medical travel insurance, you are responsible for seeking reimbursement from your medical insurance.
• Maintain records of all health and administrative files. Be sure to follow their guidance and instructions for filing claims.
• We strongly recommend supplemental insurance to cover medical evacuation.

Vaccinations

Stay up to date with the vaccines recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

• CDC Travelers Health
• World Health Organization Travel Advice 
• If you are planning on traveling from Kosovo to Mecca, please review the Hajj Fact Sheet. 

Prescription medications  

Ensure your medication is legal in Kosovo. Check with Kosovo’s Ministry of Health for more information.

• Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription.
• Be sure to bring enough of your prescriptions, as well as over-the-counter medications, to last the duration of your trip.
• Some prescription medication may not be available locally. Local medicines often have different names and manufacturers than those in the United States.
• Exercise caution when purchasing medication abroad. Pharmaceuticals are usually easy to buy with few controls.
• Counterfeit medication is common and may not work, have the wrong strength, or have dangerous ingredients. You should buy medication with the help of a medical professional and from trusted places.
• Local physicians may not prescribe the quantities or dosages of medication that a U.S. doctor would. 
• Most pharmacies are open during normal shopping hours. Major cities will have 24-hour pharmacies.
• U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have rules for bringing medication back into the United States. If you buy medications abroad, the medications must meet CBP’s and the FDA’s requirements to bring them back legally.
• Your medications must be for personal use and approved for use in the United States.
• If you have respiratory issues or asthma-like symptoms, you should consult a doctor before traveling.

Water quality and food safety

• Tap water is not potable or safe to drink. 
• Make sure to cook food thoroughly to reduce the risk of food-borne illness.
• Bottled water and beverages are generally safe. Use major brands and ensure the seal is intact.

Air quality

Air pollution is a problem in greater Pristina, especially in the winter. 

• Check NASA’s Air Quality Forecast, which uses Artificial Intelligence (AI), historical data, and global pollution modeling to generate a three-day forecast of expected air quality in Kosovo. 
• For information about common air pollutants, check the CDC’s Air Quality page. 
• For information about the U.S. Air Quality Index and health guidance, check out the EPA’s Air Now. 
• For general health information, review Your Health Abroad.

Aviation safety and oversight

• The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has not assessed Kosovo’s Civil Aviation Authority for compliance with international standards for aviation safety oversight.  FAA’s website includes more information on its assessment program. 

Transportation

Road conditions and safety

Road conditions in Kosovo differ from those in the United States. Some modern highways exist but some roads are narrow and crowded. 

• Mountain roads can be narrow and poorly marked and often lack guardrails. In bad weather, they can become dangerous. Dense fog can obscure visibility while driving.
• Driving in Kosovo is difficult. Unfamiliar traffic patterns and road signs can confuse drivers. Many traffic laws go unnoticed, like illegal left turns from the right lane and passing on blind curves. Stray livestock and horse-drawn carts also pose risks. Plus, road construction and maintenance create additional challenges.
• Roads flood and are impassable during occasional heavy rain. Mud and road slides occasionally shut down main throughways.
• Pedestrians must be very careful on sidewalks and when crossing streets, even at crosswalks. Drivers may not slow down or stop for pedestrians. Stay aware of your surroundings and do not use headphones.
• Residents often walk in the road at night and may be wearing dark clothes, making them hard to see. Stray dogs often lay or run in the roadway and are often difficult to spot when driving.
• The U.S. embassy recommends that you travel during daylight hours. Leave a travel itinerary and contact phone numbers with someone before you go.
• Review our information on Driving and Transporation Abroad.

Traffic laws 

Drivers with a blood alcohol level higher than 0.05 percent are considered intoxicated and may be arrested and prosecuted.

• The use of seat belts and headlights is always mandatory.
• It is illegal to use a cell phone while driving unless it is hands-free.
• You must report all accidents to the police, even minor fender-benders. If you are involved in any type of accident, don’t move your vehicle. Wait until the police arrive to take a full report. 
• When police impose a fine or penalty, they may legally confiscate your driver’s license and vehicle documents until the penalty is paid. The U.S. embassy cannot retrieve these documents.
• Review Kosovo traffic safety laws for information on driver’s licenses and imported or foreign-tagged vehicle registration requirements.
• If your vehicle is registered outside of Kosovo, you will need to purchase liability insurance at the border. Kosovo is not a member of the European motor vehicle third party liability, or “green card” system.

Taxis and ride-shares

• Taxis are an inexpensive, safe, and reliable means of transportation. Use established taxi companies that have metered taxis activated on departure. 

Public and commercial transportation

• Rail transportation is very limited. There is only 1 line operating between Peja and Pristina.
• The public bus service in Pristina and throughout Kosovo covers a wide area, but it is often crowded.

Aviation safety and oversight

• The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has not assessed Kosovo’s Civil Aviation Authority for compliance with international standards for aviation safety oversight.  FAA’s website includes more information on its assessment program. 

Weather and natural disasters

Weather conditions

Kosovo has cold winters with snowfall. Summers and autumns are hot and dry. The weather may vary by region. There is heavy rainfall from October to December.

Earthquakes

Kosovo is in a seismically active area that can have earthquakes. Review information on how to prepare in advance:

• U.S. Embassy Kosovo website.
• Kosovo Emergency Management Agency.
• The U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides info on disaster preparedness.
• U.S. Geological Survey provides updates on recent seismic and volcanic activity. 

Wildfires

• Wildfires are common in the summer due to high temperatures in the Balkans. 

U.S. citizens living abroad

Living abroad resources

If you live outside the United States for a long time, you or your family may experience various life events, wish to exercise U.S. citizenship rights, or need to meet U.S. legal obligations while abroad. 

• Learn how to prepare for voting in U.S. elections, the birth of a child, or getting married. 
• Ensure you have a plan for healthcare and medical insurance abroad. 
• Even abroad, you still have certain obligations such as paying your U.S. taxes or registering for military selective service. 
• Review information on federal benefits, such as Social Security and Veterans Affairs benefits.

Embassies and consulates