Iraq

Safety and security

Emergency phone numbers 

Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes and providing emergency services. 

• Dial 911 for all types of emergencies 
• Dial 104 for police  
• Dial 122 for ambulance  
• Dial 139 for the sexual assault and domestic violence hotline   

Terrorism 

Terrorists and their supporters may target U.S. citizens abroad. 

Terrorists may target: 

• Large public events (sporting contests, political rallies, demonstrations, holiday events, celebratory gatherings, etc.) 
• Popular hotels, clubs, and restaurants, particularly those frequented by foreigners. 
• Places of worship 
• Schools  
• Parks 
• Shopping malls and markets 
• Public transportation (buses, trains, and commercial flights) 
• Businesses associated with the United States. 
• Universities associated/affiliated with the United States. 

Terrorist groups 

Terrorist groups, including and Iran-aligned militias and ISIS, encourage and conduct attacks against U.S. persons and interests in Iraq. These groups have carried out bombings, hostage takings, kidnappings, shootings, and attacks on civilians, government buildings, and security forces. 

Northern border risks 

Iraq’s northern borders with Iran, Syria and Türkiye remain dangerous. There is threat of violence from terrorist groups and aerial bombardment. Avoid all areas near armed groups in northern Iraq. Neighboring countries have targeted them with military strikes. 

For more information, review our Terrorism page. 

Demonstrations  

Demonstrations are common. They may take place in response to political or economic issues. They may also occur on significant holidays and during large events.  

• Demonstrations can be unpredictable. Avoid areas around protests and other demonstrations.   
• Past demonstrations have turned violent. 
• Check local media for updates and traffic advisories. 

Scams 

Fake housing construction contracts 

The U.S. Embassy is closely monitoring a fraudulent scheme by companies claiming they have entered into a contract with the U.S. government to construct tens of thousands of housing units.  

• These claims are false and aim to steal money from unsuspecting individuals and businesses.  
• Please be aware that the criminals making these false claims will oftentimes use fake U.S. embassy letterhead to try to make their schemes appear legitimate.  
• All legitimate contracting opportunities with the U.S. embassy are published on the Embassy’s website. 

Financial and romance scams 

Follow the Department of State guidelines to protect yourself from scams. 

If you are a victim of a scam, you can file a report at Internet Crime Complaint Center learn how the FBI can help.    

Financial scams and internet romance scams are common in Iraq.  Be careful of anyone asking for money, especially those who start a "romantic" relationship online or claim local authorities want money.  Scams often begin through online posts, emails, or letters. Scammers pretend to be U.S. citizens in need of help.  

Common scams include:  

• People claiming to be U.S. military personnel 
• People claiming to be detained or hospitalized abroad 
• Romance and online dating  
• Money transfers  
• Grandparent and relative targeting  
• Free trip or luggage  
• Lotteries  
• Inheritance notices  
• Work permits and job offers 

If using dating apps or websites in Iraq:  

• Criminals may use dating apps to target potential victims for robbery or assault. 
• Let your friends and family know where you are and consider sharing your location on your phone.   
• Meet in a popular public place.  
• Tell your family or friends all the details about the person you are meeting and how you met them (which app). 
• Set up and talk using a video call before agreeing to meet in person.  
• Avoid locations where you can be isolated, like hotel rooms, private apartments or houses. 
• Never leave food or drinks unattended at a bar or restaurant. 
• Observe the preparation of your food or drink order when possible. 
• Refuse offers of food or drinks from strangers. 
• Have a communication plan with friends or family. Send updates to them on an agreed schedule. 

Victims of crime 

Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crime. You may report crimes to the local police: 

• Dial 911 for all types of emergencies. 
• Dial 104 for police. 
• Dial 115 for fire. 
• Dial 139 for sexual assault or domestic violence. 

Review our information for Victims of Crime.   

The U.S. embassy or consulate can:  

• Replace a stolen or lost passport. 
• Help you find medical care.   
• Assist you in how to report a crime to the police.  
• Contact relatives or friends with your written consent.  
• Provide general information regarding the criminal justice system.   
• Provide a list of local attorneys. We do not endorse or recommend any specific attorneys.  
• Provide information on victim’s compensation programs in the United States.  
• Provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States or limited medical support in cases of need.  
• Help you find accommodation and options to travel home. 

Sexual assault and domestic violence  

U.S. citizen victims of sexual assault or domestic violence are encouraged to contact the U.S. embassy for assistance.

Technology use abroad 

Mobile devices are vulnerable to compromise, theft, and damage anywhere in the world. Follow these safe practices: 

• Update all software (operating system and apps) before leaving the United States.  
• Use reputable, U.S.-based VPN or VoIP applications.  
• Don’t connect to public Wi-Fi networks.  
• Be cautious using dating apps abroad, as scammers often target U.S. citizens. 
• Use of drones is prohibited without authorization from local security offices. Travelers may not enter Iraq with drones through the airport. 

GPS  

Prior to using GPS abroad:  

• Research the route recommended by the GPS to make sure it’s safe.  
• The fastest path may not be the safest

Tourism safety 

No formal tourism industry infrastructure is in place: 

• Tourists participate in activities at their own risk.  
• Emergency response and medical treatment may not be available outside of major cities. Even when available, these services do not meet U.S. standards.  
• U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance.  
• Summer temperatures can top 50°C (122°F). Limit outdoor midday activity and drink fluids constantly to prevent severe heat illness. 

Review our information on Travel Insurance.  

Local laws and customs

Criminal penalties 

• U.S. citizens must follow local laws.  
• If you break local laws, even by mistake, you could be deported, arrested, or imprisoned.   
• Travelers who accidentally break local laws have been detained. Sometimes, this can be for a long time. They may also face criminal charges and even be convicted of a crime. 
• You may be prosecuted in the United States for crimes committed abroad regardless of the local law. Review the information provided by the U.S. Department of Justice about crimes against minors abroad. 
• Before you start a business or a profession in Iraq seek information from the local authorities about what permits or licenses are required.   
• Foreign nationals cannot be released on bail without a local sponsor, such as a friend or a relative. 

Drug laws 

Iraqi law strictly prohibits cannabis (marijuana, CBD derivatives and hashish), heroin and other opiates, cocaine, methamphetamine, amphetamine-type stimulants (including Captagon), MDMA/ecstasy, LSD and other hallucinogens, and the unlawful possession or distribution of non-prescribed psychotropic medications and sedatives. Penalties for drug possession and use are severe and may include lengthy prison sentences and substantial fines. 

Alcohol laws 

Drinking alcohol in public other than at authorized locations can result in penalties of 3 months to 1 year in prison and a fine of $200. 

Restrictions on political activities 

Iraq imposes serious restrictions on freedom of expression. Expressing support for normalized relations with Israel is officially criminalized in Iraq. Membership in or support of the Baath Party, promoting its ideals, or possession of Baath Party materials may result in arrest and imprisonment.    

Gun laws 

It is illegal to bring guns, ammunition, and even spent shells or casings into Iraq. Fines typically range from 100,000 to 250,000 Iraqi Dinars (IQD) or approximately $75 to $200. You may face arrest and detention for long periods of time. 

Arrest notification  

If you are arrested or detained, ask officials to notify the U.S. embassy or consulate immediately.   

Detention conditions 

• A detention facility may not provide you with essential medications or medical care.  
• Detainees in Iraq often can’t get their prescribed or over the counter medications.   
• Many Iraqi prisons are overcrowded.

Counterfeit and pirated goods 

Counterfeit and pirated goods are common in many destinations.  

• They may be illegal according to local laws.   
• Counterfeit and pirated goods may pose significant risks to consumer health and safety.   
• You may be subject to fines or have to surrender counterfeit and pirated goods to authorities if you bring them back to the United States.   

Learn more about U.S. restrictions on counterfeit and pirated goods:  

• U.S. Customs and Border Protection  
• U.S. Department of Justice   

Faith-based travelers 

Faith based travel includes pilgrimages, service projects, and mission work. Prepare for your travel using these resources:   

• Faith-Based Travel 
• Volunteering Abroad 
• International Religious Freedom Reports 

Gay and lesbian travelers 

• Discrimination based on sexual orientation and unconventional appearance is common.  
• In April 2024, Iraq passed a law that makes same-sex relations illegal. If you are convicted under this law, you can face fines between 10 to 15 million Iraqi Dinars (IQD), or 10 to 15 years in prison. The law also punishes anyone who "promotes homosexuality." This includes individuals and organizations. 
• Review our information for Gay and Lesbian Travelers. 

Travelers with disabilities or accessibility needs 

The law in Iraq prohibits discrimination against people with physical, sensory, psychosocial, intellectual, or mental disabilities. The law is not widely enforced.  

• Expect accessibility to be limited in public transportation, lodging, communication/information, and general infrastructure.  
• People with disabilities often face discrimination and exclusion in Iraq due to social stigma, pity, and family-based care that keeps them at home. This limits their access to public spaces, education, and employment opportunities.  

Review our information on Accessibility Needs. 

Students

Review our information on Studying Abroad.  

Women travelers   

Female U.S. citizens have faced threats, kidnappings, abuse, and extortion by family, including loss of custody of children and forced marriage.  

• U.S. laws do not protect U.S. citizens when they are outside of the United States. The Iraqi police and legal system may offer protection in accordance with Iraqi laws. 
• In August 2025, Iraq passed a Personal Status Code that legislates matters of marriage, divorce, inheritance, and child custody. This law automatically transfers custody of children to the father starting at age 7. 
• Forced marriage of girls under 18 also occurs. 
• Review our information for Women Travelers, Marriage, Female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM/C) and Victims of Crime.

Human rights 

Review the Department of State’s Human Rights Report for your destination prior to traveling.

Health

Health resources 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Iraq Traveler Information provides destination specific information on prevalent diseases and vaccination recommendations.  

• CDC Medical Tourism information  
• World Health Organization 
• Medicine and Health 
• Travel Insurance 

Emergency numbers 

• Dial 911 for all types of emergencies. 
• Dial 122 for emergency medical services.  
• Dial 104 for police. 
• Dial 115 for fire and Iraq Civil Defense hotline. 
• Dial 112 for the National Emergency Hotline. 
• Dial 139 for sexual assault or domestic violence. 

Ambulance services 

Ambulance services are available in all major cities, though the quality may not be in line with U.S. healthcare standards.  

• Training and response time of emergency responders may be poor.   
• They often have little or no medical equipment.

Medical payments and insurance 

Make sure you know if your health insurance plan covers any medical expenses abroad. Most U.S. plans do not. The CDC provides more information on types of insurance. 

• The U.S. government does not pay medical bills. 
• U.S. Medicare and Medicaid do not cover expenses or bills abroad. 
• Most hospitals and doctors abroad do not accept U.S. health insurance. 
• Medical care is not free in Iraq. If you require medical attention, you will incur expenses, even if you are treated in a public healthcare facility. Free medical care in public hospitals may be available in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. 
• Lack of payment may bar future travel to Iraq. 
• Most care providers overseas only accept cash payments. 
• Credit card payment is not always available. 
• Private and public hospitals often need payment up front or proof of good insurance before providing treatment or admitting a patient. Service availability without prepayment may vary for public hospitals. 
• We strongly recommend supplemental insurance to cover medical evacuation. 
• If you purchase supplemental insurance, you are responsible for seeking reimbursement from the insurance provider. Follow their instructions for filing claims.  

Vaccinations 

Stay up to date with the vaccines recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

• CDC Travelers’ Health 
• World Health Organization Travel Advice  

Healthcare facilities  

Hospital-based care is available through public and private institutions. Basic modern medical care and medicines are available in Iraq but may not meet U.S. standards.   

• Blood banks exist in Iraq, though the blood supply may not be sufficient in the event of an emergency. It also likely has not been tested under U.S. standards for infectious diseases. 
• Mental health and psychiatric care are limited in Iraq including in larger cities. 
• The U.S. embassy and consulate maintain a list of doctors and hospitals. We do not endorse or recommend any specific medical provider or clinic. 
• Public medical clinics lack basic resources and supplies.   
• Hospitals and doctors often require payment upfront prior to service or admission.  
• Medical staff may speak little or no English.  
• Generally, in hospitals only minimal staff are available overnight. In private hospitals, consider hiring a private nurse. In public hospitals, a family member may stay the night with the patient, especially a child. 
• Patients must cover all costs for transfer to or between hospitals. 
• A limited number of companies facilitate medical evacuations.  

Prescription medications  

• Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription.  
• Be sure to bring enough of your prescriptions (and over-the-counter medications) to last the duration of your visit. 
• Exercise caution when purchasing medication abroad. Pharmaceuticals are usually easy to buy with few controls.  
• Counterfeit medication is common and may not work, have the wrong strength, or have dangerous ingredients. You should buy medication with the help of a medical professional and from trusted places. 
• Iraq does not allow the importation of narcotics, psychotropics, or stimulants. Even some medications available over the counter in other countries may require special authorization or be prohibited entirely. Avoid carrying any medications that are considered narcotic, psychotropic or stimulants.  
• Iraq does not allow the importation of cannabis and all of its derivatives, including CBD, even with prescription. Avoid carrying cannabis, cannabis derivatives, and CBD. Carrying these products into Iraq could result in an extended period of detention. 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have rules for bringing medication back into the United States. If you buy medications abroad, the medications must meet CBP’s and the FDA’s requirements to bring them back legally.  

The medications must also be for personal use and approved for use in the United States.  

For more information:  

• U.S. Customs and Border Protection  
• Food and Drug Administration 

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and surrogacy 

Surrogacy is illegal in Iraq.   

• If you are considering traveling to Iraq to have a child through use of assisted reproductive technology (ART), please review our information on ART and Surrogacy Abroad.  
• ART is only legally permitted for married heterosexual couples using their own sperm and egg. 

Water quality and food safety  

• In many areas, tap water is not safe to drink.  
• In some locations, tap water is not available every day. 
• Bottled water and beverages are generally safe. Use major brands and ensure the seal is intact. 
• Many restaurants and hotels serve tap water unless bottled water is specifically requested.  
• Be aware that ice for drinks may be made using tap water. 
• Eating uncooked vegetables and fruits can make you sick. 
• Make water safe by filtering, boiling, disinfecting, or distilling.  
• Impure water can cause diseases like typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, and dysentery. 

Air quality 

Air pollution is a significant problem in several major cities in Iraq. Consider the impact seasonal smog and heavy particulate pollution may have on you. Consult your doctor before traveling if necessary. 

People at the greatest risk from particle pollution exposure include: 

• Infants, children, teens, and older adults. 
• People with heart disease and lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, or emphysema. 

Air pollution can be a significant problem in many destinations abroad.  

• Check NASA’s Air Quality Forecast. It uses Artificial Intelligence (AI), historical data, and global pollution modeling to generate a 3-day forecast of expected air quality in Iraq.  
• For information about common air pollutants, check the CDC’s Air Quality page.  
• For information about the U.S. Air Quality Index and health guidance, check out the EPA’s AirNow.  

For general health information, visit the Medicine and Health page. 

Transportation

Road conditions and safety 

Driving in Iraq can be extremely dangerous. Excessive speed, limited traffic control, and limited enforcement of traffic laws add to unsafe driving. There have been attacks on civilian and Iraqi military vehicles throughout Iraq both in and outside metropolitan areas.  

• Attacks can occur at any time, day or night. These have involved small arms fire and Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) capable of destroying vehicles.  
• Extreme heat during the summer can result in additional wear and tear on vehicles and increase the likelihood of a breakdown. Sand and dust storms can make it very hard to see while driving.  

Traffic laws   

A U.S. driver’s license is not sufficient on its own to drive in Iraq. You must have an International Driving Permit (IDP) along with your U.S. driver’s license. 

Driving conditions 

Drivers usually do not yield to pedestrians at crosswalks and ignore traffic lights (if present), traffic laws, and regulations.  

• Jaywalking is common.  
• Roads are congested.  
• Some cars do not use lights at night and urban streetlights may not be functioning.  
• Some motorists drive at excessive speeds, tailgate, and force other drivers to yield the right of way. 

Government checkpoints 

• Iraq has many government checkpoints scattered throughout the country.  New ones may be placed randomly, particularly after terrorist attacks.  
• Navigating checkpoints may take a long time in heavy traffic. Some may shut down altogether at certain hours.  
• Have your car registration and ID documents ready and always be patient and polite. 

Traffic accidents 

• In the event of a traffic accident, both parties may choose whether to involve traffic police.  
• Many Iraqis settle minor accidents directly without involving insurance companies or authorities. However, in cases involving significant damage, physical injury, or death, the driver who caused the accident is legally required to notify traffic authorities. You must provide necessary information such as driver's license and vehicle details to facilitate the compensation procedure within 30 days.  
• Be aware that calling traffic police will open a case at the nearest police station. This may result in both vehicles being impounded until the case is resolved.  
• The party found at fault may face legal proceedings and potential detention, though bail with a personal guarantor is typically available unless the accident involves a fatality or severe injury. 

Taxis and ride-shares 

Not recommended for U.S. citizens to use any taxis or ride-share services for transportation. 

Public and commercial transportation  

Not recommended for US citizens to use any public transportation other than civil aviation for travel 

• Buses run irregularly and frequently change routes. Long-distance buses are available but are often in poor condition and drive at unsafe speeds. 
• City transit vehicles are often poorly maintained and can be involved in accidents.  
• Review our information on Driving and Transportation Safety Abroad.  

Aviation safety oversight  

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has not assessed Iraq’s Civil Aviation Authority for compliance with international standards for aviation safety oversight. FAA's website includes more information on its assessment program.   

Because of the risks to civil aviation in the vicinity of Iraq, the FAA has issued a Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) that prohibits U.S. operators and codeshare flights from operating in Iraqi airspace below 32,000 feet.  

For more information, U.S. citizens should consult the Federal Aviation Administration’s Prohibitions, Restrictions, and Notices.

Maritime travel 

Mariners and passengers planning travel to Iraq should check the following:   

• U.S. Maritime Advisories 
• U.S. Maritime Alerts 
• Maritime Safety Office Navigational Warnings 
• U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Commons 

The U.S. Coast Guard determined Iraq ports do not have effective anti-terrorism measures.  Vessels that arrive in U.S. ports from Iraq ports must meet additional U.S. Coast Guard conditions of entry as described in the current Port Security Advisory, International Port Security Program - Port Security Advisory. Mariners and passengers in Iraq ports should exercise caution and implement enhanced security measures.  

Weather and natural disasters

Weather conditions

Sandstorms and dust storms 

Sandstorms and dust storms happen regularly throughout the year, especially during summer.  

• These storms can cover entire cities, making it very hard to see and causing breathing problems.  
• Some areas experience over 100 dust storm days each year.  
• Storms can force airports, schools, and government offices to close and overwhelm hospitals. 

Extreme heat 

Summers are dangerously hot, with temperatures regularly exceeding 113°F (45°C) and sometimes reaching 122°F (50°C) in cities like Baghdad and Basra. The extreme heat causes: 

• Heat-related illnesses that overwhelm hospitals 
• Power outages as the electrical grid struggles to meet cooling demands 
• Dangerous or impossible outdoor work during peak afternoon hours 

Flash floods 

Flash floods can occur during heavy rain, especially between November and April.  

Urban centers are most severely impacted, but you should also be careful when traveling in mountainous regions, low-lying agricultural areas, and wadis (dry riverbeds) during the rainy season. 

Drought and water scarcity 

Drought and water shortages are ongoing problems caused by upstream damming activities. 

U.S. citizens living abroad

Living abroad resources 

If you live outside the United States for a long time, you or your family may experience various life events, wish to exercise U.S. citizenship rights, or need to meet U.S. legal obligations while abroad. 

Learn how to prepare for voting in U.S. elections, the birth of a child, or getting married. 

Ensure you have a plan for healthcare and medical insurance abroad. 

Even abroad, you still have certain obligations such as paying your U.S. taxes or registering for military selective service. 

Review information on federal benefits, such as Social Security and Veterans Affairs benefits. 

Embassies and consulates