India

Safety and security

Emergency phone numbers 

Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes.   

• Dial 100 from a landline  
• Dial 112 from a mobile phone  

Contact the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate after reporting to local police.  

• U.S. Embassy New Delhi: +91-11-2419-8000 
• U.S. Consulate General Mumbai: +91-22-2672-4000    
• U.S. Consulate General Kolkata: +91-33-3984-2400 
• U.S. Consulate General Chennai: +91-44-2857-4000 
• U.S. Consulate General Hyderabad: +91-40-6932-8000 

Crime 

Always be aware of your surroundings: 

• Understand local customs and etiquette. 
• Keep a low profile. 
• Monitor local news. 
• Change your daily routes and times. 
• Consider security when visiting public and religious sites. 
• Carefully select safe hotels, restaurants, entertainment venues and recreation places. 

Stay informed while traveling: 

• Advisory alerts are issued from the U.S. Embassy through the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP). Register to receive alerts while traveling abroad. 
• Regularly monitor travel information from the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi and the U.S. Consulates General in Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Kolkata. 

Terrorist activities 

Terrorist attacks and insurgent activities may happen in India. 

• U.S.-designated terrorist groups like Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e Tayyiba are active in India. Past attacks targeted public places like: 
  • Luxury and other hotels 
  • Markets 
  • Cinemas 
  • Mosques 
  • Restaurants 
  • Trains and train stations 
• Attacks can take place anytime, but busy evening hours in markets and crowded places are common. 
• Attacks may occur around holidays. 

Strikes and demonstrations 

Strikes and demonstrations (“bandh”) can cause major disruptions.  

• Transportation and tourist-related services can be stopped at times for 24 hours or more. Local travel by air and railways may be severely limited. 
• Obey all curfews and travel restrictions.  
• Avoid demonstrations and rallies, especially around political events and religious festivals.  
• There is the potential for violence when Hindu and Muslim festivals coincide or tensions between castes and religious groups occur. 

Follow local media for information about the location and length of time for strikes. 

Anti-conversion laws and safety 

Some Indian states have “anti-conversion” laws. 

• Acts of conversion can provoke violent reactions from Hindu extremists. 
• Foreigners suspected of converting Hindus have been attacked and killed, especially in conservative, rural areas. 
• Demonstrators may block roads near tourist sites and disrupt train operations to attract attention of authorities. 
• Sometimes vehicles transporting tourists are attacked. 

Stay informed: 

• Monitor local TV, print, and social media. 
• Follow Mission India’s American Citizens Services Facebook page for updates.  

Swimming safety 

• Be cautious swimming in open waters along the Indian coastline. 
• Avoid swimming in the ocean during the monsoon season.  
• Strong currents cause drowning every year in areas like Goa, Mumbai, Puri (Odisha) and the Bay of Bengal. 
• Always follow posted warnings at beaches. 
• There have been reports of fatal crocodile attacks in the Andaman Islands. 
• Trained lifeguards are very rare along beaches. 

Wildlife safaris

Many tour operators and lodges offer safe excursions into parks and wildlife viewing areas. 

• Safety standards and training can vary, so check if operators are trained and licensed.  
• Treat all animals, even those marked as “tame,” as wild and dangerous. 
• Keep a safe distance from animals.  
• Stay in vehicles or protected enclosures while in game parks or on safaris. 

Trekking safety  

• Stick to routes identified by local authorities. 
• Use only registered trekking agencies, porters, and guides.  
• Avoid trekking after dark.  
• Camp only at designated sites. 
• Travel in groups. 
• Popular trekking spots can reach altitudes over 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).  
• Ensure you are fit for high altitudes and have medical insurance that includes evacuation coverage. 

Train travel safety 

Train travel is generally safe in India. 

• India has the third largest railway network in the world. 
• Accidents and on-board fires can occur due to aging infrastructure, poor maintenance, overcrowding, and operator errors. 
• These incidents have caused deaths and serious injuries. 

Areas of instability 

Jammu and Kashmir

• Avoid traveling to Jammu & Kashmir due to potential terrorist incidents and violent public unrest. 
• The region of Jammu & Kashmir is disputed with India, Pakistan, and China all claiming some or all of the territory. Terrorist groups target security forces, especially along the Line of Control (LOC) between India and Pakistan.  
• Key tourist spots like Srinagar, Gulmarg, and Pahalgam are particularly risky for foreigners. 
• Communal violence has caused large strikes and business shutdowns, requiring police evacuations of U.S. citizens. 
• Foreign tourists are prohibited from visiting certain areas along the LOC and may need a travel permit.  

India-Pakistan border

• Avoid areas within 10 kilometers (6 miles) of the India-Pakistan border. 
• Both countries maintain a strong military presence on their respective sides of the border. 
• The only official border crossing for non-citizens is between Atari, India, and Wagah, Pakistan in the state of Punjab. 
• The border crossing is usually open, but travelers should confirm its status before traveling. 
• You need a Pakistani visa to enter Pakistan. U.S. citizens living in India can apply for a Pakistani visa in India. Others should apply in their country of residence. 

Karakoram Mountain range

• Both India and Pakistan claim an area in the Karakoram Mountain range, including the Siachen glacier. 
• Travel and mountain climbing in this area are highly dangerous. 
• The disputed area includes:  
  • Rimo Peak 
  • Apsarasas I, II, III,  
  • Tegam Kangri I, II, III,  
  • Suingri Kangri 
  • Ghiant I, II 
  • Indira Col 
  • Sia Kangri 
• Check with the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi for current conditions. 

Northeastern states

Ethnic insurgent groups in the northeast sometimes commit violent acts, including bombing buses, trains, rail lines and markets. 

• U.S. citizens are not usually targeted but could be affected as bystanders. 
• Avoid traveling by train at night, traveling outside major cities at night, and large crowds. 
• U.S. government employees need permission from the U.S. Consulate General in Kolkata to travel to certain areas in: 
  • Assam 
  • Arunachal Pradesh 
  • Sikkim 
  • Mizoram 
  • Nagaland 
  • Meghalaya 
  • Tripura 
  • Manipur 
• Foreigners need Restricted Area Permits to visit some Northeastern states. Contact the U.S. Consulate General in Kolkata for current conditions. 

East Central and Southern India

Maoist extremist groups, known as “Naxalites,” are active in East Central India’s rural areas.  

• Naxalites frequently attack local police, paramilitary forces and government officials. 
• They are responsible for more attacks in India than any other group. 
• Naxalites have not specifically targeted U.S. citizens but have attacked Western companies and rail lines.  
• Naxalite violence rarely occurs in places frequented by foreigners, but there is still a risk.   

Areas of Naxalite activity include: 

• Eastern Maharashtra and northern Telangana through western West Bengal. 
• Rural parts of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. 
• Borders of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Odisha. 

U.S. government employee travel restrictions: 

• Due to changing threats, U.S. government travelers to states with Naxalite activity need authorization from the U.S. consulate responsible for the area.  
• This is required unless they are only visiting capital cities. 

Restricted and protected areas

Certain states or parts of states require foreign travelers to obtain Restricted Area Permits from the Government of India Bureau of Immigration. These areas include:

• The union territory of Andaman & Nicobar Islands 
• The union territory of the Laccadives Islands (Lakshadweep) 
• The state of Arunachal Pradesh. 
• Portions of the union territory of Jammu & Kashmir near the Line of Control with Pakistan and certain portions of the union territory of Ladakh. 

It also includes portions of the states of: 

• Sikkim 
• Himachal Pradesh near the Chinese border 
• Uttarakhand (Uttaranchal) near the Chinese border 
• Rajasthan near the Pakistani border 
• Manipur 
• Mizoram 
• Nagaland 

Obtaining restricted area permits

Restricted Areas Permits can be obtained from Indian embassies and consulates abroad. 

• Within India, the permits can be obtained from the Ministry of Home Affairs (Foreigners Division) at Jaisalmer House, 26 Man Sign Road, New Delhi. 
• Official guesthouses in New Delhi for Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim can issue permits to certain travelers for their respective states. 

Specific areas of caution

• Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram) in Tamil Nadu: Be aware that the Indira Gandhi Atomic Research Center in Kalpakkam is nearby. It is restricted, dangerous, and not clearly marked. 
• Andaman & Nicobar Islands: The Indian government has strictly forbidden anyone from visiting North Sentinel Island to ensure the safety of islanders and travelers.  Travelers who violate this law may be arrested.  

Crime  

Violent crime is uncommon against foreign travelers, but travelers should stay alert. 

Petty crime is common, especially theft of personal property (including U.S. passports) on trains, buses, at airports, and in major tourist areas. 

• Pickpockets can be skilled, often snatching bags, cutting purse straps, or slitting the bottom of purses without detection. 
• On trains, lock sleeping compartments and keep valuables with you. 
• At airports, be careful with your bags in arrival and departure areas. 
• Avoid displaying cash or expensive items to reduce the risk of robbery. 
• Be aware of your surroundings when using ATMs to avoid scams. 

Victims of crime 

• Report crimes to the local police by dialing 100 from a landline or dialing 112 from a mobile phone.  
• Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes. 
• Ask for a copy of the police report, known as a “First Information Report” (FIR) when you report an incident. Local authorities usually can’t act without this report. 

The Department of State provides help for U.S. victims of crime abroad.

We can: 

• Replace a stolen or lost passport.  
• Help you find appropriate medical care. 
• Assist you in reporting a crime to the police. 
• Contact relatives or friends with your written consent. 
• Provide general information about the victim’s role during local investigation and following its conclusion. 
• Share a list of local attorneys. 
• Inform you of victim’s compensation programs in the United States.
• Issue an emergency loan for repatriation to the U.S. or limited medical support in cases of destitution. 
• Help you find accommodation and arrange flights home. 

Stolen passports 

• If your passport is stolen, report it right away to the police where it was stolen.  
• You need an “First Information Report” (FIR) to get an exit visa to leave India. The Indian government requires this if your lost passport had an Indian visa. 
• The Embassy or Consulate General can replace your passport, but the Ministry of Home Affairs and Foreigners Regional Registration Office (FRRO) must approve an exit permit. 
• The replacement process usually takes 3 to 4 working days but can take longer. 

Sexual assault or rape 

Cases of sexual assault, including rape, are reported against U.S. citizens.  

• Victims of sexual assault may wish to contact the local police or the U.S. embassy or local consulate. 
• The embassy or consulates general can provide a list of local doctors and hospitals. They can help with treatment and prevention options for diseases and pregnancy. 
• For evidence to be used in court, Indian authorities require a medical exam at a government hospital. Private hospitals will refer victims to a government hospital for this process. 
• India has many resources for victims of rape and sexual assault. The specific toll-free Women’s Helpline Service numbers for each area are:  
  • Delhi - dial 1091 
  • Mumbai - dial 103 
  • Kolkata - dial 1090 
  • Chennai - dial 1091 or 2345-236 
  • Hyderabad - dial 1098

Domestic violence 

U.S. citizen victims of domestic violence may contact the U.S. embassy or consulates for help. 

Tourism safety 

The tourism industry is unevenly regulated in India. 

• Safety inspections for equipment and facilities are rare. 
• Dangerous areas and activities are not always marked with signs. 
• Staff may not be properly trained or certified by the government or recognized authorities. 
• In case of injury, appropriate medical treatment is usually available only in or near major cities.  
• First responders often cannot reach areas outside major cities quickly. 
• U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance.  
• The Department of State provides information on insurance providers for coverage abroad.  

Safety for women travelers 

The U.S. government advises against women traveling alone in India: 

• Observe strict security precautions. 
• Use public transport designated for “women-only” travelers, a free service in many cities including Delhi and Hyderabad. 
• Restrict evening entertainment to well-known venues and avoid isolated areas. 
• Keep your hotel room number confidential. Ensure room doors have chains, deadlocks, and peepholes. 
• Travel with family or friends. 
• Hire reliable cars and drivers. Avoid traveling alone in hired taxis, especially at night. 
• Use taxis from hotels or pre-paid taxis at airports rather than waving them down on the street. 
• If you encounter a threatening situation, request police assistance by dialing 100 from a landline or dialing 112 from a mobile phone.  
• When using app-based services like “Uber” or “ola,” share your ride information with a friend or family member. 

Respect local customs:

• Indian women typically wear conservative clothing that covers their legs and shoulders, especially in rural areas. 
• Exceptions include vacation resorts and some neighborhoods in major cities like New Delhi and Mumbai.  
• Western women, especially those of African descent, have reported verbal and physical harassment, known as “Eve-teasing.” 
• Harassment can range from vulgar comments to groping and can happen anywhere. It is more common in crowded places like markets, train stations, buses, and public streets. 

Addressing violence against women:

• Reports of sexual assault have increased nationwide.  
• Rape is reported as one of India’s fastest growing crimes. 

Victim assistance:

• If you are victimized overseas, you may be entitled to compensation for counseling and other services, such as relocation back to the United States. 
• Learn more from the U.S. Department of Justice violence against women information. 
• Read more tips for Women Travelers from the Department of State. 

Scams and how to avoid them 

Scams are common at major airports, train stations, popular restaurants, and tourist sites. 

• Scammers trick visitors by creating distractions. 
• Be careful of taxi drivers, train porters, and others offering cheap transportation to hotels. These offers can lead to scams like: 
  • Overpriced hotel rooms 
  • Unwanted tours or purchases 
  • Long cab rides with high fees 
  • Threats if you refuse to pay 
• Tourists have reported being tricked and threatened for money.  
• Only use well-known travel agents to book trips, hire transportation or guides. 

Shopping scams:

• Some vendors sell expensive items like carpets, jewelry, and gemstones that are not as promised. 
• Deal only with reputable businesses. 
• Do not hand over credit cards or money unless you are sure of the purchase. 
• If a deal sounds too good to be true, avoid it. 
• Most Indian states have tourism bureaus to handle complaints. 
• Do not agree to transporting goods for strangers in exchange for money. 

Online scams:

• India-based criminals use the internet to extort money from victims abroad.  
• In one type of scam, victims develop a close online relationship with a fake U.S. citizen. When the “friend” or “romantic partner” travels to India, accidents happen, and they ask for money. The U.S. citizen “friend” or “romantic partner” does not exist and is part of a criminal network. 
• Do not send money to anyone you have not met in person. 
• Read the Department of State’s advice on international financial scams.

Family scams:

• Scammers call family members in the U.S., especially older people, asking for money. They pretend to be grandchildren or relatives who have been arrested or need money to return home. 
• Do not send money without confirming the situation with the U.S. embassy or consulate general. 
• Call the Office of Overseas Citizens Services at 888-407-4747, or from overseas: 202-501-4444, for help. 
• Review the Department of State information on emergency assistance to Americans abroad.

Business problems:

•  U.S. citizens have had problems with business partners in India, especially with property investments. 
• Seek professional legal advice before agreeing to any contracts. 
• The U.S. Embassy and consulates cannot give legal advice or help with Indian courts. 
• A list of local attorneys is available from the Embassy and Consulates General. 

Resources for scams:

• Scams
• FBI Tips: Common Scams and Crimes

Counterfeit or pirated goods 

Counterfeit and pirated goods are common but may be illegal according to local laws. You may also be fined or forced to hand over the goods to authorities if you try to return to the U.S. with them. 

Local laws and customs

Criminal penalties 

U.S. citizens must follow local laws.  

• If you break laws, even by mistake, you could be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned. 
• You may be prosecuted in the U.S. for crimes committed abroad regardless of the local laws.  
• For more information, read crimes against minors abroad and resources from the Department of Justice. 

Arrest notification 

If you are arrested or detained, ask the police or prison officials to inform the U.S. embassy or nearest consulate immediately. 

Alcohol 

Each Indian state has its own rules for buying and drinking alcohol. 

• Legal drinking ages range from 18 to 25 and can vary by beverage type. 
• Some states permit alcohol only for medicinal purposes, while others require a permit to buy, transport, or consume alcohol. 
• Penalties for violating these laws can be harsh. 

Drugs 

• Several U.S. citizens have been arrested at Indian airports for smuggling illegal drugs. Many claimed they did not know they were carrying narcotics. 
• Never transport or mail packages that do not belong to you. 
• Always maintain direct control of your luggage. 

Beef and cow hide 

• Several Indian states have restrictions on beef. 
• In some rural areas, groups protecting cows have attacked people they think are selling or eating beef, or have items made from cow hide. 

Dual nationality 

India does not allow its citizens to hold dual nationality. 

• In 2006, India launched the "Overseas Citizens of India" (OCI) program. 
  • OCI does not grant Indian citizenship. 
  • With an OCI card, you can travel to and from India as much as you want. You can also work, study, and own property in India (except for some farm and plantation lands). 
  • You will remain a U.S. citizen if you obtain an OCI card. 
  • OCI card holders do not receive an Indian passport, cannot vote in Indian elections, and are not eligible for Indian government employment. 
  • U.S. citizens of Indian descent can apply for OCI cards at the Indian Embassy in Washington or at Indian Consulates in Chicago, New York, San Francisco, Atlanta, and Houston. 
  • Inside India, U.S. citizens can apply at the nearest FRRO office. 
  • U.S. nationals must use a U.S. passport when traveling in and out of the United States. 

Religious activities 

• Faith-based travelers should check the Department of State's Report on International Religious Freedom. 
• Indian law requires a "missionary" visa for travelers seeking to convert others to a religion. 
  • Speaking at public religious meetings without a missionary visa is illegal. 
  • Foreigners with tourist visas doing missionary activities risk deportation and possible criminal prosecution. 
  • Some states have laws regulating or restricting religious conversion, including Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Arunachal Pradesh. 
  • If planning to do missionary work, get legal advice to make sure you follow Indian laws. 
• Tourists should respect rules and customs at religious places. This includes Hindu temples, mosques, churches, and other sacred places. 
• Some temples and mosques do not allow non-members to enter all or parts of the facilities. 
• You may need to remove shoes, cover your head, or wear specific clothing. 

Customs rules 

Customs rules are strict in India.  

• Inspect all bags and clothes for banned items before traveling. 
• Airport security officials have arrested U.S. citizens for carrying loose ammunition, even spent bullets and casings. 
• Violating the Indian Arms Act can lead to incarceration or deportation. 
• Do not bring a satellite phone or Global Positioning System (GPS) device into India. Having a satellite phone or GPS device in India is illegal and can result in fines, detention, or arrest. Penalties can be as high as $200,000 and lead to up to 3 years in jail.  
• Indian customs authorities have strict regulations for importing and exporting items like antiquities, electronics, currency, ivory, and gold objects. 

You need permission from the Government of India to bring in restricted items 

• Violations can result in arrest, fines, and confiscation of items. 
• If you face legal charges, have an attorney review any document before signing.  
• Register antique items with local police and include a photograph of the item. 
• Contact the Embassy of India in Washington or India's consulates in the U.S. for specific customs information. 
• More information is available from the Indian Central Board of Excise and Customs. 

ATA carnet for business and professional travelers 

• Indian customs authorities encourage the use of an ATA (Admission Temporaire or Temporary Admission) Carnet for temporary admission of professional equipment, commercial samples, and goods for exhibitions. 
• ATA Carnet Headquarters at the U.S. Council for International Business, 1212 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10036. It issues and guarantees the ATA Carnet in the U.S. 
• For more information, call +1-212-354-4480 or email USCIB at atacarnet@uscib.org. 
• Review our customs information on Laws Abroad.

Accessibility 

• Accessibility remains limited, despite laws requiring public buildings and transport to be accessible 
• The Delhi metro system is a notable exception, designed to be accessible for those with physical disabilities. 

Students 

• Tips for Students Abroad 
• FBI Travel Tips 

Gay and lesbian travelers 

The Supreme Court of India decriminalized same-sex relationships in 2018. 

• State and union governments are working on reforms to protect gay and lesbian rights. 
• Indian law prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation or sex characteristics. 
• However, enforcement is inconsistent, and there are reports of discrimination, harassment, threats, and violence against gay and lesbians, especially in rural areas or by local police. 
• Tips for Gay and Lesbian Travelers 
•  Human Rights report (section 6) 

Health

Health resources 

• CDC's India Traveler Information
• World Health Organization 
• CDC's Health Traveler Information 
• U.S. Embassy and Consulates General in India lists of local doctors and hospitals in India 

Emergency services 

For emergency services in India: 

• Dial 112 for police from a mobile phone 
• Dial 100 from a landline for police 
• Dial 102 or 108 in parts of South India for ambulance
• Dial 101 for the fire department

Ambulance services

• Ambulances may not have advanced medical equipment. Traffic does not yield to emergency vehicles. 
• In case of serious illness or injury, it may be faster to take a taxi or private vehicle to the nearest major hospital. 

Hospitals 

• Most hospitals require advance payment or insurance confirmation before treatment.  
• Payment practices vary. Credit cards are not commonly accepted. 

Health and diseases 

• Common diseases:  Zika, dengue, malaria, measles, and other diseases are present in India. Review disease information from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 
• Medical care quality: Medical care varies greatly. Major cities may offer care that meets Western standards, but rural areas often lack adequate medical services. 

Medical payments and insurance 

• The U.S. government does not pay medical bills.  
• U.S. Medicare and Medicaid do not work abroad. 
• Most hospitals and doctors abroad do not accept U.S. health insurance. 
• Most care providers abroad only accept cash payments. 
• Make sure your health insurance plan provides coverage abroad for reimbursement of payments. The CDC provides more information on types of insurance available.  
• We strongly recommend supplemental insurance to cover medical evacuation. 

Prescription medication 

• Check with the Indian government to ensure your medication is legal.  
• Carry medication in its original packaging with a doctor’s prescription. 

Pharmaceuticals 

• Be cautious when buying medication within India.  
• Counterfeit drugs are common and may be an ineffective dose or contain dangerous substances.  
• Consult a medical professional and buy from reputable sources. 
• The CDC provides more information on counterfeit drugs. 

Water quality 

• Impure water can cause diseases like typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, and dysentery. 
• Make water safe by filtering, boiling, or distilling.  
• Bottled water is generally safe. Use major brands and ensure the seal is intact. 

Vaccinations 

Visit your doctor at least 1 month before travel and update your vaccinations according to CDC guidelines for travel to India 

• Yellow fever: If arriving from areas with risk of yellow fever, you must show proof of vaccination. Without it, you may be deported or quarantined. 
• Rabies: Contacting rabies from dogs, bats, and monkeys is a risk. Vaccination is recommended for long stays, children, travelers in rural areas, and those with potential exposure to animals. 
• Influenza: The flu season is from November to April in north India and June to November in south India (south of Tropic of Cancer). Vaccination is recommended. 
• Avian Influenza: Outbreaks occur sporadically in eastern India. 
• Malaria and Dengue: Malaria risk varies by area and season. Dengue fever is a significant risk in urban and rural areas, peaking from July to December. Take insect protection precautions. 
• Tuberculosis: This is a serious concern. Read more from the CDC about TB travel information. 

Air quality 

• Air pollution is a significant issue in many cities in India. Consult your doctor before travel and consider the impact of seasonal smog. 
• People at highest risk from particulate pollution:  
  • Infants, children, and teens 
  • Citizens over 65 years of age  
  • Have lung disease such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema  
  • Have heart disease or diabetes  
  • Work or are active outdoors  
• Check NASA’s Air Quality Forecast. It uses Artificial Intelligence (AI), historical data, and global pollution modeling to generate a 3-day forecast of expected air quality in India. 
• For information about common air pollutants, check the CDC’s Air Quality page.  
• For information about the U.S. Air Quality Index and health guidance, check out the EPA’s AirNow.  
• Review our general health information on Medicine and Health. 

Health considerations 

• Rh-negative blood type may be difficult to obtain in Asia since it is not common. 

Medical tourism and elective surgery 

• Medical tourism is growing rapidly.  
• Medical systems abroad differ from the United States. They are not subject to the same regulations. 
• Consult with your local physician to discuss health travel and learn about your specific risks related to your surgery or procedure.  
• A medical visa is required for treatment in India. 

Surrogacy 

• Commercial surrogacy for foreigners is illegal India. 
• The Government of India provides official information on surrogacy. 

Transportation

Road conditions and safety 

Travel by road in India is dangerous.  

• India leads the world in traffic-related deaths, and several U.S. citizens have died in recent traffic accidents. 
• Exercise extreme caution when crossing streets, even in marked pedestrian areas. 
• Use cars with seatbelts. They are not common in 3-wheel taxis (autos) and the back seats of taxis and rideshare vehicles. 
• Always wear helmets on motorcycles and bicycles. 
• Traveling at night is particularly dangerous. 

Assume other drivers will not respond to traffic situations like in the United States 

• Buses and trucks often run red lights and merge into traffic at yield points and traffic circles. 
• Cars, autos, bicycles, and pedestrians are only slightly more cautious. 
• Use your horn or flash your headlights frequently to announce your presence; it is both common and wise. 

Road conditions 

• Roads, inside and outside major cities, are often poorly maintained and congested. 
• Main roads frequently have only 2 lanes with poor visibility and inadequate warning signs. 
• Divided highways may have local transportation traveling in the wrong direction, often without lights. 
• Expect heavy traffic, including overloaded trucks and buses, scooters, pedestrians, bullock and camel carts, horse or elephant riders, bicycles, and loose livestock. 

Public transportation 

• Buses serve almost every city and are convenient but can be driven fast and recklessly, leading to frequent accidents. 

Traffic laws 

• To drive in India, you need a valid Indian driver’s license or a valid international driver’s license. A U.S. driver’s license is not valid.  
• Traffic in India moves on the left. 
• Be alert while crossing streets and intersections, especially after dark. 
• Use seatbelts in both rear and front seats where available and ask drivers to maintain a safe speed. 
• Consider hiring a local driver due to difficult road and traffic conditions. 

Accident safety risks 

• If a driver hits a pedestrian or a cow, the vehicle and its occupants are at risk of being attacked by bystanders. 
• Such attacks pose significant risk of injury or death and could result in the vehicle being set on fire. 
• It may be unsafe to remain at the scene of such an accident. Seek out the nearest police station. 
• The Department of State provides information on Driving and Transportation Safety Abroad.

Protests and road blockages 

• Protestors often block roads to publicize complaints. 
• Check local news reports for any road disturbances.

Aviation safety oversight 

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has found that India’s Civil Aviation Authority meets international standards for aviation safety oversight. FAA’s website includes more information on its assessment program.  

Maritime travel 

Mariners planning travel to India should check the following:   

• U.S. Coast Guard Homeport Directory 
• U.S. Department of Transportation Maritime Advisories 
• MARAD Active Maritime Alerts  
• Maritime Safety Office Navigational Warnings  

Weather

Earthquakes 

• Northern India is highly susceptible to earthquakes. 
• Highest risk areas (ranked 5 on a scale of 1 to 5) include Srinagar, Himachal Pradesh, Rishikesh, Dehradun, northern Punjab, northwest Gujarat, northern Bihar, and the entire northeast. 
• High damage risk areas (ranked 4) include Jammu and Kashmir, eastern Punjab, Haryana, northern Uttar Pradesh, central Bihar, and northern West Bengal. 
• New Delhi is in zone 4. 

Flooding 

• Severe flooding is common in hilly and mountainous areas throughout India. 
• In 2013, flooding in Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and other areas killed thousands and temporarily stranded many U.S. citizens. 

Typhoons and cyclones 

• Typhoons and cyclones are common along the Indian coasts, especially in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal. 
• These events can result in massive loss of life. 
• Tourists and residents in these areas should stay alert during severe weather, monitor local media, and follow municipal warnings. 
• Have backup plans for power loss and unavailability of goods and services, including supplies for several days. 

U.S. citizens living abroad

Living abroad resources 

If you live abroad for a long time, you or your family may experience various life events.

• Learn how to prepare for life events like voting, getting married, or the birth of a child. 
• Ensure you have a plan for healthcare or insurance abroad. 
• Even abroad, you still have certain obligations such as paying your U.S. taxes or registering for military selective service. 

Embassies and consulates