Djibouti

Safety and security

Emergency phone numbers

Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes and providing emergency services.

• Dial 999 – Police: For urgent police intervention, including fights, public disturbances, car accidents, etc.
• Dial 116 – Gendarmerie: For domestic violence cases, or as a backup if there is no response from the police, etc.
• Dial 18 – Fire Emergency and Ambulance Services (Downtown Djibouti City area)
• Dial 119 – Ambulance Services (Balbala area)

Terrorism

Terrorist groups and those inspired by such organizations are intent on attacking U.S. citizens abroad. Terrorists are increasingly using less sophisticated methods of attack – including knives, firearms, and vehicles – to target crowds more effectively. Frequently, their aim is unprotected or vulnerable targets, such as: 

• High-profile public events (sporting contests, political rallies, demonstrations, holiday events, celebratory gatherings, etc.) 
• Hotels, clubs, and restaurants frequented by tourists 
• Places of worship 
• Schools 
• Parks 
• Shopping malls and markets 
• Public transportation systems (including subways, buses, trains, and scheduled commercial flights) 

Terrorism threats

There have been no terrorist incidents reported in Djibouti since 2014. However, terrorist groups continue to threaten Western targets and interests. These groups can easily cross borders to attack public places where Westerners gather.

• For more information, review our Terrorism page.

Regional conflicts

Civil unrest or armed conflict in the neighboring countries of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Yemen, and Somalia may affect the security situation in Djibouti.

Border disputes and restrictions

Djibouti and Eritrea have an ongoing disagreement about the border. You must get approval from the Djibouti government before traveling north of Obock. There has been fighting along this border in the past.

Many border areas between Djibouti and both Ethiopia and Somalia lack clear markings and may still have landmines.

Demonstrations 

Demonstrations occur occasionally and sometimes without warning. They may take place in response to political or economic issues, on politically significant holidays, and during international events. 

• Even demonstrations intended to be peaceful can turn confrontational and possibly become violent.
• Avoid areas around protests and demonstrations. 
• Check local media for updates and traffic advisories. 

Crime

Crimes of opportunity are most common and include pickpocketing, purse snatching, theft from or of vehicles, and identity theft from stealing credit card information.

Safety tips:

• Avoid walking alone, especially after dark.
• Do not show cash and valuable personal property.
• Avoid actions that would draw attention to yourself.
• Dress conservatively.
• Drive with doors locked and windows closed.
• Travel with a copy of your U.S. passport and Djibouti visa to prevent the originals from being taken. Keep original documents in a secure location.
• Always keep your credit card in your sight while it is being processed. Consider using prepaid credit cards with limited funds when traveling.

Scams

Follow the Department of State guidelines to protect yourself from scams.

If you are a victim of a scam, learn how the FBI can help.  

Common scams include:

• Fake business deals
• Fraudulent investment opportunities
• Bogus import and export schemes
• Fake real estate transactions
• Phony partnership proposals
• Requests for upfront payments

Victims of crime

U.S. citizen victims of serious crimes, including victims of sexual assault, are encouraged to contact the U.S. embassy for assistance. Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crime.

• Report crimes to the local police by dialing 999 throughout Djibouti (French and Arabic).
• Contact the U.S. Embassy at +253-21-453-000 during business house and +253- 77-877-229 after hours.
• Review our webpage on help for U.S. victims of crime abroad.

We can: 

• Help you find appropriate medical care 
• Assist you in reporting a crime to the police 
• Contact relatives or friends with your written consent
• Provide general information regarding the victim’s role during the local investigation and following its conclusion 
• Provide a list of local attorneys 
• Provide our information on victim’s compensation programs in the U.S.
• Provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States and/or limited medical support in cases of destitution 
• Help you find accommodation and arrange flights home 
• Replace a stolen or lost passport

Sexual assault and domestic violence

• U.S. citizen victims of sexual assault and domestic violence are encouraged to contact the U.S. embassy for assistance.

Technology use abroad

Mobile devices are vulnerable to compromise, theft, and damage anywhere in the world. Follow these safe practices:

• Update all software (operating system and apps) before leaving the United States.
• Use reputable, U.S.-based VPN or VoIP applications. 
• Don’t connect to public Wi-Fi networks.
• Research the safety of routes recommended by GPS. The fastest route is not always the safest. Roads recommended by direction apps may not exist or may be in a state of disrepair.
• Be cautious using dating apps abroad, as scammers often target U.S. citizens.

Drones

• Djibouti has strict rules about using drones.
• Do not assume you can fly a drone for fun or as a hobby.
• Drones are considered regulated equipment and can easily cause security concerns.

Tourism safety

The tourism industry is not well regulated:

• Safety inspections for equipment and facilities are rare.
• Dangerous areas and activities are not always marked with signs.
• Staff may not be trained or certified.
• If you get injured, you will likely need to travel to Djibouti City or abroad for appropriate medical care.
• First responders cannot reach remote areas in case of emergencies.
• U.S. citizens are encouraged to have medical evacuation insurance.
• Review our information on Travel Insurance.

Adventure travel

• Review the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) tips for Adventure Travel.

Local laws and customs

Resources for help

• The National Union of Djiboutian Women runs a walk-in counseling center (Cellule d’Ecoute) in Djibouti City. It provides services and referrals for women and men.
• Review our information for Women Travelers.
• Review our information on Marriage.
• Review our information on Female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM/C).
• Review our information for Victims of Crime.

Criminal penalties

• U.S. citizens must follow local laws.
• If you violate local laws, even unknowingly, you may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned. 
• Individuals establishing a business or practicing a profession that requires additional permits or licensing should seek information from the competent local authorities, prior to practicing or operating a business.
• Convictions for possessing, using, or trafficking in illegal drugs result in long prison sentences and heavy fines.
• Although the narcotic khat is legal in Djibouti, it is illegal in many countries, including the United States. 
• You may be prosecuted in the United States for crimes committed abroad regardless of the local law. Review the information provided by the U.S. Department of Justice about crimes against minors abroad.

Arrest notification

If you are arrested or detained, ask police or prison officials to notify the U.S. Embassy immediately at +253 21 45 30 00 (business hours) or +253 77 87 72 29 (after hours/emergencies).  

Djiboutian law enforcement officials occasionally prevent foreigners from contacting anyone while in detention. Because of this, the U.S. Embassy may not receive notification of an arrest or may not be allowed access to you.

Counterfeit and pirated goods

Although counterfeit and pirated goods are prevalent in many countries, they may still be illegal according to local laws. You may also pay fines or have to relinquish them if you bring them back to the United States.

Learn more about U.S. restrictions on counterfeit and pirated goods:

• U.S. Customs and Border Protection
• U.S. Department of Justice  

Faith-based travelers

Faith based travel includes pilgrimages, service projects, and mission work. Prepare for your travel using these resources: 

• Faith-Based Travel
• Volunteering Abroad
• Human Rights Report
• International Religious Freedom Reports

Gay and lesbian travelers

Same-sex sexual relations are illegal in Djibouti. There are laws against organizing gay and lesbian events. Society does not accept public discussion of homosexuality.

• There are no known gay or lesbian organizations.
• Authorities may arrest people for public displays of same-sex conduct under laws against "attacks on good morals."
• There are no laws in Djibouti that protect gay or lesbian individuals from discrimination.
• Review our information for Gay and Lesbian Travelers.

Travelers with accessibility needs

The law in Djibouti does not prohibit discrimination against people with physical, sensory, intellectual or mental disabilities.

• Few government buildings, schools, banks, or grocery stores have accessible facilities, including in Djibouti City. Some hospitals and clinics are equally inaccessible to people with disabilities and lack wheelchair ramps or lifts, including some of the hospitals travelers commonly use.
• Expect accessibility to be limited in public transportation, lodging, information, and general infrastructure.
• Social acceptance of persons with disabilities in public is not as common as in the United States.
• Accessibility equipment is generally not available in Djibouti. Replacement parts, rental and repair facilities for aids, devices, or service providers such as sign language interpreters or personal assistants are not available.
• Review our information on Accessibility Needs.

Students

• Review our information on Studying Abroad.

Women travelers 

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is illegal. The government is actively working to eliminate the practice.

Since 2019, rates of new FGM/C cases have gone down. However, approximately 70% of women and girls aged 15 to 49 in the country have experienced the practice.

Sexual and domestic violence

• There are no reliable rape statistics. Laws for sentencing perpetrators are not enforced effectively.
• Domestic violence is common but underreported.
• Instead of going to court, families and the informal clan-based justice system generally handle cases of domestic abuse or violence. Police rarely get involved when domestic violence happens

Human rights

• Review the Department of State’s Human Rights Report for your destination prior to traveling.

Health

Health resources

• Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Djibouti Travelers Information provides destination specific information on prevalent diseases and vaccination recommendations. 
• CDC Medical Tourism information 
• World Health Organization
• Medicine and Health
• Travel Insurance

Emergency phone numbers

• Dial 999 – Police: For urgent police intervention, including fights, public disturbances, car accidents, etc.
• Dial 116 – Gendarmerie: For domestic violence cases, or as a backup if there is no response from the police, etc.
• Dial 18 – Fire Emergency and Ambulance Services (Downtown Djibouti City area)
• Dial 119 – Ambulance Services (Balbala area)

Ambulance services

Ambulance services are not widely available. Training and response time of emergency responders may be poor.

• Ambulance services are available from Balbala Hospital in Djibouti City.
• Ambulances do not have advanced medical equipment. 
• Injured or very ill travelers might prefer to take a taxi or their own car to the nearest major hospital. This option may be faster than waiting for an ambulance.

Medical payments and insurance

Make sure you know if your health insurance plan covers any medical expenses abroad.  Most U.S. plans do not.

• The U.S. government does not pay medical bills.
• U.S. Medicare and Medicaid do not cover expenses or bills abroad.
• Most hospitals and doctors abroad do not accept U.S. health insurance.
• Medical care is not free in Djibouti. If you require medical attention, you will incur expenses, even if you are treated in a public healthcare facility.
• Most care providers overseas only accept cash payments.
• Make sure you know if your health insurance plan provides coverage abroad or reimbursement of payments. The CDC provides more information on types of insurance.
• We strongly recommend supplemental insurance to cover medical evacuation.
• If you purchase supplemental insurance, you are responsible for seeking reimbursement from the insurance provider. Follow their instructions for filing claims.
• Dual U.S.-Djiboutian citizens with disabilities may qualify for education and health services through the Ministry of National Solidarity and the Ministry for the Promotion of Women and Family Planning.

Common diseases

Use the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended mosquito repellents and sleep under insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets. Chemoprophylaxis is recommended for all travelers even for short stays.

The following diseases are common in Djibouti:

• African Tick Bite Fever
• Chikungunya
• Dengue
• Hantavirus
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Leishmaniasis
• Leptospirosis
• Malaria
• Measles
• Rabies
• Schistosomiasis
• Tuberculosis (TB)
• Typhoid
• Given Djibouti’s proximity to the Arabian Peninsula, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is also a risk.

Vaccinations

Stay up to date with the vaccines recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

• CDC Travelers’ Health
• World Health Organization Travel Advice

Healthcare facilities

Health facilities available in Djibouti City are limited and facilities are nonexistent in many rural areas.

• Public medical clinics lack basic resources and supplies.
• Trauma care is only intended to stabilize a patient prior to medical evacuation.
• Medicines are expensive and often in short supply.
• Hospitals and doctors expect payment upfront in Djiboutian francs or U.S. dollars prior to service or admission.
• Medical staff may speak little or no English.
• Patients must cover all costs for transfer to or between hospitals.

Prescription medications

Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription. Check with the Ministry of Health to ensure the medication is legal in Djibouti. 

• Exercise caution when purchasing medication abroad. Pharmaceutical quality is not well controlled.
• Counterfeit medication is common and may not work, have the wrong strength, or have dangerous ingredients. You should buy medication with the help of a medical professional and from trusted places.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have rules for bringing medication back into the United States.  If you buy medications abroad, the medications must meet CBP’s and the FDA’s requirements to bring them back legally.

The medications must also be for personal use and approved for use in the United States.

For more information:

• U.S. Customs and Border Protection
• Food and Drug Administration

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and surrogacy

Surrogacy and some assisted reproductive technologies are illegal in Djibouti. 

• If you are considering traveling to Djibouti to have a child through use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) or surrogacy, please review our information on ART and Surrogacy Abroad.
• For more information, visit the Government of Djibouti website.

Water quality and food safety

• Tap water is not safe to drink. Tap water across Djibouti is generally salty.
• In some locations, tap water is not available every day.
• Bottled water and beverages are generally safe. Use major brands and ensure the seal is intact.
• Many restaurants and hotels serve tap water unless bottled water is specifically requested.
• You may want to request no ice in your drinks since it may be made using tap water.
• Eating uncooked vegetables and fruits can make you sick.
• Make water safe by filtering, boiling, disinfecting, or distilling.
• Impure water can cause diseases like typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, and dysentery.

Air quality

Air pollution can be a significant problem in many destinations abroad.

• Check NASA’s Air Quality Forecast. It uses Artificial Intelligence (AI), historical data, and global pollution modeling to generate a 3-day forecast of expected air quality in Djibouti.
• For information about common air pollutants, check the CDC’s Air Quality page.
• For information about the U.S. Air Quality Index and health guidance, check out the EPA’s AirNow.
• For general health information, visit the Medicine and Health page.

Transportation

Road conditions and safety

Main roads in Djibouti City are well maintained. However, other roads are unpaved or damaged and can flood without warning. 

Roads outside the city

When driving outside Djibouti City, use convoys of at least two vehicles in case one car breaks down. Avoid all travels after dark.

• Highways often have rocks falling on them. Many roads go through steep valleys and don’t have safety rails on the sides. Many roads are in poor condition.
• Police occasionally set up random roadblock stops on major roads to conduct inspections of vehicle registration and insurance.
• Roads are narrow and with poor lighting.
• Many cars are not well maintained. Some don’t even have working headlights.
• People and animals walk in the road.
• Signal is good in Djibouti City and fairly reliable in major towns like Tadjourah, Obock, and Ali Sabieh. However, once you venture into the deep desert roads or toward Lac Assal, cellular coverage becomes sparse or nonexistent.
• Download regional maps while you still have strong Wi-Fi in the capital. Maps often include non-existent, long dormant, or impassable roads.
• Searching for a weak cell signal in the desert drains phone batteries rapidly. Keep your phone on Airplane Mode to preserve the battery, and carry heavy-duty, high-capacity portable power banks.
• Bring additional fuel, water, maps, and first aid when traveling outside of Djibouti City.   
• Satellite communication devices like Garmin inReach or Iridium phones are strictly illegal without hard-to-obtain prior government approval. Customs at Djibouti-Ambouli International Airport (JIB) actively inspects baggage and will confiscate unauthorized satellite gear.
• Gas stations are far apart and only sell diesel fuel in rural areas. There are few professional roadside assistance services.

Dangerous driving

• Drivers often speed and drive unpredictably. 
• Many drivers use a narcotic drug called khat. This makes these drivers drive faster and less safely.
• Exercise caution at intersections. Drivers often run red lights and do not stop at intersections. 

Landmines

• Stay on paved roads. Unmarked landmines exist in the border region with Eritrea.

Traffic laws 

You must have a U.S. driver’s license or International Driving Permit to drive in Djibouti.

• It is illegal to use a cell phone while driving.
• You must have third-party liability insurance and be prepared to show the insurance sticker if requested.

If you have an accident

• Stay inside the vehicle if safe to do so and wait for the traffic police or gendarmes (military police).
• If an angry mob gathers or you feel unsafe, drive away and go straight to a police station to report the incident.
• If you are injured, drive to the nearest hospital or clinic.

Taxis and ride-shares

Trusted car rental firms can include the services of a driver.

• Stay alert at airports where criminals use luggage tag information to introduce themselves as pre-arranged drivers.
• Do not use your passport as a security deposit. If you allow your passport to be photocopied, always keep it in your sight.
• Taxis are available but are considered unsafe. U.S. Embassy personnel are prohibited from riding in buses or taxis.
• Ride share apps like Uber and Lyft are not available in Djibouti.

Public and commercial transportation

Avoid travel by public road transportation and hire private road transport from a trusted source.

• Avoid travel by public transportation other than trains and ferry services. Hire private transport from a trusted source. Buses are unregulated, unreliable, and generally unsafe. Hotel and airport shuttle services are a safer alternative.
• A modern electric train to Ethiopia started carrying cargo in 2015-2016 and began carrying passengers in January 2018. The railway travels through Ali-Sabieh. The train is considered safe within Djibouti but passes through territory in Ethiopia that is not recommended for travel. See Ethiopia Travel Advisory for more information.
• Ferry services operate between Djibouti City, Tadjourah, and Obock. Services cease in July and August due to unfavorable winds but are generally considered safe.
• Visit the website of Djibouti’s national tourist office and national authority responsible for road safety.
• Review our information on Driving and Transportation Safety Abroad. 

Aviation safety oversight

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has not assessed Djibouti’s Civil Aviation Authority for compliance with international standards for aviation safety oversight.  The FAA’s website includes more information on its assessment program.  

The U.S. embassy prohibits its employees from using commercial flights from Somalia that stop in Djibouti as part of a multi-leg flight for official and personal travel, due to safety concerns.

Maritime travel

Mariners and passengers planning travel to Djibouti should check the following:

• U.S. Maritime Advisories
• U.S. Maritime Alerts
• Maritime Safety Office Navigational Warnings  
• U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Commons

Weather and natural disasters

Weather conditions

Djibouti has a dry, desert climate with extremely high temperatures, particularly from May through September. The country experiences minimal rainfall and intense heat and humidity, especially in the coastal areas.

• Flash Flooding – May occur, especially from November to March.
• Sandstorms and dust storms – Common year-round due to the dry climate.

U.S. citizens living abroad

Living abroad resources

If you live outside the United States for a long time, you or your family may experience various life events, wish to exercise U.S. citizenship rights, or need to meet U.S. legal obligations while abroad.

• Learn how to prepare for voting in U.S. elections, the birth of a child, or getting married.
• Ensure you have a plan for healthcare and medical insurance abroad.
• Even abroad, you still have certain obligations such as paying your U.S. taxes or registering for military selective service.
• Review information on federal benefits, such as Social Security and Veterans Affairs benefits.

Embassies and consulates