Democratic Republic of the Congo

Safety and security

Emergency phone numbers

Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes. 

Emergency services are unreliable throughout the country. Do not depend on local authorities to respond to an emergency.

Terrorism

Terrorists and their supporters may target Americans abroad.

Terrorists may target:

• Large public events (sporting contests, political rallies, demonstrations, holiday events, celebratory gatherings, etc.)
• Popular hotels, clubs, and restaurants
• Places of worship
• Schools
• Parks
• Shopping malls and markets
• Public transportation (subways, buses, trains, and commercial flights)

The security situation in most eastern parts of the country remains unstable due to the presence of armed groups and ongoing military operations. Armed groups, civilians, and military forces routinely clash with each other.

Civilians are frequently targeted in attacks. They also become victims of other illegal activities, such as kidnapping, forced taxation, and forced labor. 

Terrorist and armed groups operating in North and South Kivu, Haut Uele, and Ituri provinces have regularly attacked military and civilian targets. They represent an ongoing threat to humanitarian aid workers and other NGO staff in the area.

Less common but severe outbreaks of violence can target civilians. Crimes include killing, rape, kidnapping, and pillaging across these areas:

• North Kivu
• South Kivu
• Ituri
• Tanganyika
• Haut Lomami
• Bas-Uele
• Haut-Uele
• Kasai Oriental, Kasai Central, and Kasai Provinces

Demonstrations

Demonstrations are common. They may take place in response to political or economic issues. They may also occur on significant holidays, and during large events.

• Demonstrations can be unpredictable. Avoid areas around protests and other demonstrations.
• Demonstrations often turn violent. Police sometimes respond with forceful tactics that result in civilian casualties and arrests.
• In the eastern part of the country, demonstrations can rapidly become mobs and turn violent. This poses a threat to humanitarian aid workers and other staff working in the area.
• Check local media for updates and traffic advisories. The BBC broadcasts English-language news on 92.6 FM. Radio Okapi broadcasts in French on 103.5 FM at 7:00 a.m., 8:00 a.m., 12:00 noon, and 6:00 p.m.

Crime

• Crimes of opportunity for financial gain are the most reported incidents against Americans in Kinshasa and throughout the country.
• Most incidents involve theft such as pickpocketing, burglary, and robbery.
• Petty crime is more likely in public places and crowded areas.
• Criminals don’t typically target Americans but may view them as targets of opportunity based on perceived wealth or vulnerability.
• Risk of crime increases at night. Do not walk alone after dark or in isolated areas.

Safety tips:

• Keep a high level of security awareness, particularly in public places, tourist areas, and crowded locations.
• Arrange to be met at the airport by hotel staff or business contacts.
• Always keep car doors locked to prevent carjacking and vehicle intrusions. Only roll car windows down enough to communicate when necessary.
• Always carry identification, such as a photocopy of your passport and visa or residence permit.

Scams

Follow the Department of State guidelines to protect yourself from scams.

If you are a victim of a scam, learn how the FBI can help.

Financial scams are common in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Be careful of anyone asking for money, especially those who start a “romantic” relationship online or claim local authorities want money. Scams often begin through online posts, emails, or letters. Scammers pretend to be Americans in need of help.

Common scams include:

• People claiming to be detained or hospitalized abroad
• Romance and online dating
• Money transfers
• Grandparent and relative targeting
• Financial scams (particularly in the mining sector)
• Victims of crime

Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crime.  If you are a victim of a crime abroad, the U.S. embassy can help you find support, information, and resources. 

• Review our information for Victims of Crime. 

The U.S. embassy or consulate can:

• Replace a stolen or lost passport.
• Help you find medical care.
• Assist you in how to report a crime to the police.
• Contact relatives or friends with your written consent.
• Provide general information regarding the criminal justice system.
• Provide a list of local attorneys. We do not endorse or recommend any specific attorneys.
• Provide information on victim compensation programs in the United States.
• Provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States or limited medical support in cases of need.
• Help you find accommodation and options to travel home.

Sexual assault and domestic violence

American victims of sexual assault are encouraged to contact the U.S. embassy for assistance.

There are very few, if any local resources for victims of domestic violence.  American victims are encouraged to contact the U.S. embassy for help.

Technology use abroad

Mobile devices are vulnerable to compromise, theft, and damage anywhere in the world. Follow these safe practices:

• Update all software (operating system and apps) before leaving the United States.
• Use reputable, U.S.-based VPN or VoIP applications.
• Don’t connect to public Wi-Fi networks.
• Research the safety of routes recommended by GPS. The fastest route is not always the safest.
• Be cautious using dating apps abroad, as scammers often target Americans.
• You may face extra checks from immigration officials if you are entering the country with satellite phones, GPS receivers, commercial drones, or military clothing.
• It is illegal to take pictures of government buildings, military installations, and along border areas. You could be fined, detained, or arrested. You could also have your photographic equipment confiscated. Do not take photos of Congolese citizens without permission.
• Cell phones are the norm. Other telephone service is unreliable and landlines are nearly non-existent. It may be possible to purchase a SIM card locally and use a U.S.-compatible cell phone. 

Tourism safety

The tourism industry is not well regulated:

• Safety inspections for equipment and facilities are rare.
• Dangerous areas and activities are not always marked with signs.
• Staff may not be trained or certified.
• If you get injured, you will likely need to travel to a major city for appropriate medical care.
• First responders cannot reach remote areas in case of emergencies.
• Americans are encouraged to have medical evacuation insurance.
• Review our information on Travel Insurance.

Adventure travel

• Review the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website for more information about Adventure Travel.

Local laws and customs

Criminal penalties

• Americans must follow local laws.
• If you break local laws, even by mistake, you could be deported, arrested, or imprisoned.
• If you plan to establish a business or practice a profession that requires additional permits or licensing, seek information from the local authorities prior to practicing or operating a business.  
• Americans may be arrested and detained in connection with routine business disputes. In many cases, detainees are not informed of the specific charges or basis for their arrest. People engaged in import–export activities are particularly vulnerable to detention arising from commercial disputes.
• You may be prosecuted in the United States for crimes committed abroad regardless of the local law. Review the information provided by the U.S. Department of Justice about crimes against minors abroad.

Arrest notifications

If you are arrested or detained, ask officials to notify the U.S. embassy, or have others do so, immediately.

• The Democratic Republic of the Congo does not recognize dual nationality.
• Congolese security forces may not be familiar with international law.
• Americans should always present themselves as U.S. citizens to Congolese authorities. Otherwise, it may delay the embassy’s ability to provide consular services.

Counterfeit and pirated goods

Counterfeit and pirated goods are common in many destinations.

• They may be illegal according to local laws.
• Counterfeit and pirated goods may pose significant risks to consumer health and safety.
• You may be subject to fines or have to surrender counterfeit and pirated goods to authorities if you bring them back to the United States.

Learn more about U.S. restrictions on counterfeit and pirated goods:

• U.S. Customs and Border Protection
• U.S. Department of Justice

Faith-based travelers

Faith based travel includes pilgrimages, service projects, and mission work. Prepare for your trip using these resources:

• Faith-Based Travel
• Volunteering Abroad
• International Religious Freedom Reports

Gay and lesbian travelers

• There are no legal restrictions on consensual same-sex sexual relations, the provision of information or services to persons on the basis of real or perceived sexual orientation, or the organization of events focused on sexual orientation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• There are no national anti-discrimination protections for gay or lesbian individuals.
• Same-sex marriage is not recognized.
• Anyone engaging in same-sex public displays of affection can face prosecution under public indecency laws.
• Homosexuality is a cultural taboo in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Gay and lesbian individuals may face discrimination and abuse, including harassment by neighbors and police. 
• Review our information for Gay and Lesbian Travelers.

Travelers with accessibility needs

• The law in the Democratic Republic of the Congo prohibits discrimination against persons with physical, sensory, intellectual, or mental disabilities. The law is rarely enforced.
• Expect accessibility to be extremely limited or completely lacking in public transportation, most lodging facilities, communication/information, and general infrastructure.
• There are few sidewalks and no curb-cuts, and most buildings lack working elevators.
• General public sentiment around disability is not as accepting as in the United States.
• Review our information on Accessibility Needs.

Students

• Review our information on Studying Abroad.

Women travelers

• Sexual assault is widespread. It occurs throughout the country by security forces, rebel and militia groups, and civilians. It is common during attacks on villages and sometimes as a tactic of war to punish civilians.
• Domestic violence is common. Although the law considers assault a crime, there is no specific penalty for spousal abuse. Intervention by police, prosecutions, and criminal convictions are rare.
• There is no law against female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM/C). FGM/C is rare but practiced in remote areas.
• Review our information for Women Travelers.
• Review our information on Marriage.
• Review our information on Female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM/C).
• Review our information for Victims of Crime.

Human rights

Review the Department of State’s Human Rights Report for your destination prior to traveling.

Health

Health resources

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Democratic Republic of the Congo Traveler Information 
• CDC Medical Tourism information
• World Health Organization
• Medicine and Health
• Travel Insurance

Ambulance services

• Ambulance services are not present in most areas except by private medical providers in major cities.
• Existing ambulances are not staffed with trained paramedics and often have little or no medical equipment. 
• Injured or very ill travelers might prefer to take a taxi or their own car to the nearest major hospital. This option can be faster than waiting for an ambulance.

Medical payments and insurance

Make sure you know if your health insurance plan covers any medical expenses coverage abroad. Most U.S. plans do not.

• The U.S. government does not pay medical bills.
• U.S. Medicare and Medicaid do not cover expenses or bills abroad.
• Most hospitals and doctors abroad do not accept U.S. health insurance.
• Medical care is not free in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. If you require medical attention, you will incur expenses, even if you are treated in a public healthcare facility.
• Most care providers overseas only accept cash payments. Credit card payment is not always available.
• Private or public hospitals often need payment up front or proof of good insurance before providing treatment or admitting a patient.
• Make sure you know if your health insurance plan provides coverage abroad or reimbursement of payments. The CDC provides more information on types of insurance.
• Medical evacuation from the DRC is extremely expensive. We strongly recommend supplemental insurance to cover these expenses.

Vaccinations

Stay up to date with the vaccines recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

• CDC Travelers’ Health
• World Health Organization Travel Advice

Healthcare facilities

• Rudimentary health facilities are available in Kinshasa and other major cities. It may be impossible to find adequate health care in rural areas.
• The U.S. embassy maintains a list of doctors and hospitals. We do not endorse or recommend any specific medical provider or clinic.
• Public medical clinics lack basic resources and supplies.
• Hospitals and doctors often require payment upfront prior to service or admission. Credit card payment may not be available.
• Medical staff may speak little or no English. 
• Generally, in public hospitals, minimal staff is available overnight in non-emergency wards. Consider hiring a private nurse. Another option is to have family stay the night with the patient, especially a child.
• Patients must cover all costs for transferring to or between hospitals.
• Psychological and psychiatric services are limited, even in larger cities.

Prescription medications

• Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription.
• Exercise caution when purchasing medication abroad. Pharmaceuticals are usually easy to buy with few controls.
• Counterfeit medication is common and may not work, have the wrong strength, or have dangerous ingredients. You should buy medication with the help of a medical professional and from trusted places.
• DRC does not allow the importation of Dipyrone (Metamizole, Noramidopyrine) and Apha Beta-Arteether. Travelers should avoid carrying these medications.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have rules for bringing medication back into the United States. If you buy medications abroad, the medications must meet CBP’s and the FDA’s requirements to bring them back legally.

The medications must also be for personal use and approved for use in the United States.

For more information:

• U.S. Customs and Border Protection
• Food and Drug Administration

Non-traditional medicine

Americans have had serious complications or died while getting care from traditional or local “healers” and practitioners in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Make sure you have access to licensed emergency medical facilities in such cases.

Assisted Reproductive Technology and Surrogacy (ART)

• If you are considering traveling to the Democratic Republic of the Congo to have a child through use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) or surrogacy, please review our information on ART and Surrogacy Abroad.
• There is no legal framework for foreigners or same-sex couples to pursue surrogacy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. As a result, surrogacy agreements between foreign or same-sex intending parents and gestational mothers are not enforced by Congolese courts.
• If you decide to pursue parenthood in the Democratic Republic of the Congo via ART with a surrogate, consider hiring a reputable local attorney and be prepared for long and unexpected delays in documenting your child’s birth with local authorities and/or citizenship status with the U.S. embassy. Be aware that individuals who attempt to circumvent local law risk legal consequences.

Water quality and food safety

• Tap water is not safe to drink. In many areas, tap water is not available every day.
• Bottled water and beverages are generally safe. Use major brands and ensure the seal is intact.
• Many restaurants and hotels serve tap water unless bottled water is specifically requested.
• You may want to request no ice in your drinks since it may be made using tap water.
• Make water safe by filtering, boiling, disinfecting, or distilling.
• Impure water can cause diseases like typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, and dysentery.

Altitude

The Rwenzori, Virunga, and Itombwe mountain ranges in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo are high-altitude zones.

• Be aware of the symptoms of altitude sickness and take precautions before you travel.
• If you have a pre-existing medical condition, like diabetes or high blood pressure, talk with your doctor before traveling to high altitude areas.
• Visit the CDC website for more information about Travel to High Altitudes.

Air quality

Air pollution is a significant problem in several major Congolese cities. It is typically at its worst in the dry season from May to October.

• Check NASA’s Air Quality Forecast. It uses Artificial Intelligence (AI), historical data, and global pollution modeling to generate a 3-day forecast of expected air quality in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• For information about common air pollutants, check the CDC’s Air Quality page.
• For information about the U.S. Air Quality Index and health guidance, check out the EPA’s AirNow.
• For general health information, visit the Medicine and Health page.

Transportation

Road conditions and safety

U.S. embassy security staff continuously assess travel based on current security conditions and available resources.

• Outside of main cities, most roads are not passable, even with an off-road vehicle.
• Road conditions are poor. They deteriorate significantly during the rainy season from October to May.
• Traffic is dangerous due to lack of infrastructure, poorly trained drivers, poor maintenance, and indifference toward pedestrians and cyclists.
• Official motorcades pose serious risks to drivers and pedestrians in Kinshasa. Pull to the side of the road as far as possible until the entire motorcade has passed. Proceed only when security forces permit it. 
• Security forces set up spontaneous roadblocks, especially after dark. They conduct vehicle searches and check identity papers. They may also solicit bribes. Remain inside your vehicle with doors locked and open the window slightly to communicate. Remain calm and, if threatened, do not resist.
• Professional roadside assistance is not available in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 

Traffic laws

• An international driving permit and third-party insurance are required.
• Cell phone use while driving is illegal without a hands-free device.
• Large crowds often form at the scene of an accident and threaten the safety of the driver. If you feel in danger, stay inside your vehicle and go to the nearest police station for safety.

Taxis and ride-shares

• Taxis do not meet U.S. safety standards.
• Rideshare services such as Uber and Lyft do not operate in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• Reputable car rental firms will include the services of a driver.
• U.S. embassy employees are not allowed to use local taxis. They are unsafe due to overloading, reckless driving, inadequate maintenance, and the risk of petty crime and kidnapping. 

Public and commercial transportation

• Avoid all travel by public transportation. Any form of public transportation is unregulated, unreliable, and generally unsafe.
• Hire private transport from a reliable source.
• Ferry accidents are commonplace and often fatal. Ferry service between Brazzaville and Kinshasa may close completely with minimal notice. A visa for the destination country is required to cross the Congo River between Brazzaville and Kinshasa.
• Review our information on Driving and Transportation Safety Abroad.

Aviation oversight

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has not assessed the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s Civil Aviation Authority for compliance with international standards for aviation safety oversight

FAA’s website includes more information on its assessment program.

Maritime travel

Mariners and passengers planning travel to the Democratic Republic of the Congo should check the following:

• U.S. Maritime Advisories
• U.S. Maritime Alerts
• Maritime Safety Office Navigational Warnings
• U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Commons

Weather and natural disasters

Weather conditions

• The Democratic Republic of the Congo is in a seismically active region.
• The Virunga mountain range along the border with Rwanda contains several active volcanoes with eruptions as recent as 2023.
• The rainy season typically occurs from October to May. Heavy rainfall can cause flooding and landslides.

U.S. citizens living abroad

Living abroad resources

If you live outside the United States for a long time, you or your family may experience various life events, wish to exercise U.S. citizenship rights, or need to meet U.S. legal obligations while abroad.

• Learn how to prepare for voting in U.S. elections, the birth of a child, or getting married.
• Ensure you have a plan for healthcare and medical insurance abroad.
• Even abroad, you still have certain obligations such as paying your U.S. taxes or registering for military selective service.
• Review information on federal benefits, such as Social Security and Veterans Affairs benefits. 

Embassies and consulates