Brunei is not a party to the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption (Hague Adoption Convention or Convention).  Under the Intercountry Adoption Universal Accreditation Act (UAA), which became effective on July 14, 2014, the accreditation requirement and standards, which previously only applied in Convention cases, now also apply in non-Convention or “orphan” cases.  The UAA requires that an accredited or approved adoption service provider acts as a primary provider in every case, and that adoption service providers providing adoption services on behalf of prospective adoptive parents be accredited or approved, or be a supervised or exempted provider.  Adoption service providers and prospective adoptive parents should review the State Department’s Universal Accreditation Act of 2012 webpage for further information.  Intercountry adoptions of children from non-Convention countries continue to be processed under the Orphan Process with the filing of the Forms I-600A and I-600.  However, adoption service providers should be aware of the information on the USCIS website on the impact on Form I-600A and Form I-600 adjudications under the UAA, including the requirement that all home studies, including home study updates and amendments, comply with the Convention home study requirements, which differ from the orphan home study requirements that were in effect before July 14, 2014.

Adoptions from Brunei are rare; fewer than five adoptions by U.S. citizen parents have taken place over the last decade.  Below is the limited adoption information that the Department has obtained from the adoption authority of Brunei.  U.S. citizens interested in adopting children from Brunei should contact the adoption authority of Brunei to inquire about applicable laws and procedures.  U.S. citizen prospective adoptive parents living in Brunei who would like to adopt a child from the United States or from a third country should also contact Brunei’s adoption authority.  See contact information below.

Under Bruneian law, only Muslims can adopt a Muslim-born child; when a Muslim applicant adopts a non-Muslim-born child, the child is considered Muslim.  A non-Muslim can adopt only a non-Muslim-born child and cannot adopt a child whose parents are unknown.  A married couple seeking to adopt a child – defined as under 18 years of age – must have a stable economic background and each prospective adoptive parent in the couple must be at least 25 years old and at least 18 years older than the child (if Muslim) or at least 21 years older than the child (if non-Muslim).  If the applicant is a single male, he can adopt only a male child and must meet the other requirements; if the applicant is a single female, she can adopt a child of any gender provided she meets the other requirements. 

Applications by Muslims are processed through shariah courts and, by non-Muslims, through civil courts. 

In addition to being found suitable and eligible to adopt by USCIS, prospective adoptive parents seeking to adopt from Brunei must meet the following requirements: 

• Residency:  None specified. 
• Age of Adopting Parents:  Each prospective adoptive parent in the couple must be at least 25 years old and at least 18 years older than the child (if Muslim) or at least 21 years older than the child (if non-Muslim).  
• Marriage:  Single individuals may adopt. If the applicant is a single male, he can adopt only a male child and must meet the other requirements; if the applicant is a single female, she can adopt a child of any gender provided she meets the other requirements. 
• Income:  Applicants must have a stable economic background.

In addition to qualifying as an orphan under U.S. immigration law, the child must meet the following requirements of Brunei: 

• Relinquishment:  None specified. 
• Abandonment:  None specified. 
• Age of Adoptive Child:  Children are identified under Bruneian law as under 18 years of age. Please note that for a child to meet the definition of an orphan under U.S. immigration law, a Form I-600, Petition to Classify Orphan as an Immediate Relative, must be filed on the child’s behalf while the child is under the age of 16 (or under the age of 18 if the child is the birth sibling of another adopted child who has immigrated or will immigrate based on adoption by the same adoptive parent(s)). 
• Sibling Adoptions:  None specified. 
• Special Needs or Medical Conditions:  None specified. 
• Waiting Period or Foster Care:  None specified.

Caution:  Prospective adoptive parents should be aware that not all children in orphanages or children’s homes are eligible for adoption.  In many countries, birth parents place their child(ren) temporarily in an orphanage or children’s home due to financial or other hardship, intending that the child return home when this becomes possible.  In such cases, the birth parent(s) have rarely relinquished their parental rights or consented to the adoption of their child(ren).

Brunei’s Adoption Authority

Community Development Department, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports

The Process

The process for adopting a child from Brunei generally includes the following steps: 

1. Choose a U.S. Accredited or Approved Adoption Service Provider
2. Apply to USCIS to be Found Suitable and Eligible to Adopt (Form I-600A)
3. Apply to Brunei’s Authorities to Adopt and be Matched with a Child
4. Adopt the Child in Brunei
5. Apply for Your Child to be Found Eligible to Immigrate to the United States as an Orphan (Form I-600)
6. Apply for a U.S. Immigrant Visa for Your Child and Bring Your Child Home 

1.  Choose a U.S. Accredited or Approved Adoption Service Provider

Before taking steps to adopt a child from Brunei, you should select a U.S. accredited or approved adoption service provider to be the primary provider in your case.  As of July 14, 2014, a primary provider is required in every intercountry adoption case under the UAA, unless an exception applies.  The primary provider is responsible for:

• Ensuring that all six adoption services defined at 22 CFR 96.2 are provided;
• Supervising and being responsible for supervised providers where used (see 22 CFR 96.14); and
• Developing and implementing a service plan in accordance with 22 CFR 96.44. 

For more information on primary providers and the UAA, please see Universal Accreditation Act of 2012. 

2.  Apply to USCIS to be Found Suitable and Eligible to Adopt

In order to adopt a child from Brunei, you will need to meet the requirements of the Government of Brunei and U.S. immigration law.  

To meet U.S. immigration requirements, you may also choose to file a Form I-600A, Application for Advance Processing of an Orphan Petition, with USCIS to be found suitable and eligible to adopt before you identify a child to adopt. You may also choose to file the Form I-600 petition along with all the required Form I-600A application supporting documentation, including an approved home study, once you have been matched with a child and have obtained all the necessary documentation.  Please see the USCIS website for more information about filing options.  Regardless of which approach you take, the home study must meet the same requirements.  As of July 14, 2014, unless an exception applies, the home study must comply with the requirements in 8 CFR 204.311 and 22 CFR Part 96.47. 

3.  Apply to Brunei’s Authorities to Adopt and be Matched with a Child 

If you are found suitable and eligible to adopt under U.S. law, you must also submit an adoption application to the Community Development Department, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports of Brunei to be found eligible to adopt by Brunei. 

If a child is eligible for intercountry adoption, the competent adoption authority or other authorized entity in Brunei will review your adoption dossier and, if an appropriate match is found, will provide you with a referral. We encourage families to consult with a medical professional and their adoption service provider to understand the needs of the specific child but each family must decide for itself whether it will be able to meet the needs of, and provide a permanent home for, a specific child, and must conform to the recommendations in the home study for the number of children and capacity to deal with any special needs of an adoptive child. Learn more about Health Considerations. 

The child must be eligible to be adopted according to Brunei’s requirements, as described in the Who Can Be Adopted section. The child must also meet the definition of an orphan under U.S. immigration law. 

4.  Adopt the Child in Brunei 

The process for finalizing the adoption in Brunei generally includes the following: 

• Role of the Court:  Applications by Muslims are processed through shariah courts and, by non-Muslims, through civil courts.  
• Role of Adoption Agencies:   

Starting July 14, 2014, unless an exception applies, there must be a U.S. accredited or approved adoption service provider acting as the primary provider in every case. Also, any agency or person providing an adoption service on behalf of prospective adoptive parents in any Convention or non-Convention case must be accredited or approved, or be a supervised or exempted provider.  Adoption service means any one of the following  six services:

o   Identifying a child for adoption and arranging an adoption;

o   Securing the necessary consent to termination of parental rights and to adoption;

o   Performing a background study on a child or a home study on a prospective adoptive parent(s), and reporting on such a study;

o   Making non-judicial determinations of the best interests of a child and the appropriateness of an adoptive placement for the child;

o   Monitoring a case after a child has been placed with prospective adoptive parent(s) until final adoption; or

o   When necessary because of a disruption before final adoption, assuming custody and providing (including facilitating the provision of) child care or any other social service pending an alternative placement.  22 CFR 96.2 Definitions.

• Adoption Fees:  Prospective adoptive parents are advised to obtain detailed receipts for all fees and donations paid, either by themselves directly or through their U.S. adoption service provider, and to raise any concerns regarding any payment that you believe may be contrary to U.S. law, or the law of Brunei, with your adoption service provider. Please also refer to information concerning the Hague Complaint Registry. Improper payments may have the appearance of buying achild, violate applicable law, and could put all future adoptions in Brunei at risk. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, for instance, makes it unlawful to bribe foreign government officials to obtain or retain business.  Further, the UAA and IAA make it unlawful to improperly influence relinquishment of parental rights, parental consent relating to adoption of a child, or a decision by an entity performing Central Authority functions. 

5.  Apply for Your Child to be Found Eligible for Immigration to the United States as an Orphan

After you finalize the adoption USCIS must determine whether the child meets the definition of an orphan under U.S. immigration law in order for the child to immigrate to the United States.  You will need to file a Form I-600, Petition to Classify Orphan as an Immediate Relative.  At the time you file your Form I-600 petition, the adjudicating officer will determine whether the UAA applies or if your case is UAA grandfathered.  For more information on UAA grandfathering and transition cases, please see Universal Accreditation Act of 2012.  Unless an exception applies, you must identify a primary provider in your case and the adjudicating officer may ask for the name and contact information of the primary provider if not provided in your Form I-600 petition.  This information is required and, without it, your Form I-600 petition cannot be approved.  

If you have an approved, valid Form I-600A, Application for Advance Processing of an Orphan Petition, you may file your Form I-600 petition either in the United States with USCIS or  in person at the U.S.Embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.

When a Form I-600 petition is adjudicated by USCIS in the United States, the consular section in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei must complete a Form I-604, Determination on Child for Adoption (sometimes informally referred to as an orphan determination), to verify the child’s orphan status.  When a Form I-600 petition is adjudicated by an international USCIS office, USCIS generally completes the Form I-604 determination. 

For Form I-600 petitions filed with the Embassy’s consular section, the consular officer must complete the Form I-604 determination after you file your Form I-600 petition.  Conducting the Form I-604 determination is a critical part of the orphan adoption process.  It can take months to complete, depending upon the circumstances of your case.  Consular officers appreciate that families are eager to bring their child home as quickly as possible.  Some of the factors that may contribute to the length of the process include prevailing fraud patterns in the country of origin, civil unrest or security concerns that restrict travel to certain areas of the country, and the number of determinations performed by available staff.  Consular officers make every effort to conduct them as quickly and thoroughly as possible.  You are advised to keep your travel plans flexible while awaiting the results. 

6.  Apply for a U.S. Immigrant Visa for Your Child and Bring Your Child Home

Now that your adoption is complete and the Form I-604 determination has been completed finding that your child meets the legal definition of an orphan for immigration purposes, there are a few more steps to take before you and your child can head home.  Specifically, you need to apply for three documents before your child can travel to the United States:

Birth Certificate

If you have finalized the adoption in Brunei, you will first need to apply for a new birth certificate for your child.  

Brunei Passport

Your child is not yet a U.S. citizen, so he/she will need a travel document or passport from Brunei. 

U.S. Immigrant Visa

After you obtain the new birth certificate and passport for your child and you have filed Form I-600, Petition to Classify Orphan as an Immediate Relative, you then need to apply for a U.S. immigrant visa for your child from the U.S. Embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. This immigrant visa allows your child to travel home with you and be admitted to the United States as your child.  As part of this process, you must provide the consular officer the Panel Physician’s medical report on the child. 

Before coming for your child’s immigrant visa interview, please complete an Electronic Immigrant Visa Application (DS-260) online at the Consular Electronic Application Center (CEAC).  If you filed a Form I-600 petition in the United States, you should receive a letter from the National Visa Center (NVC) confirming receipt of the petition and assignment of a case number and an invoice ID number.  You will need this information to log into CEAC to file the DS-260 for your child.  An adoptive parent should fill out these forms in your child's name.  Answer every item on the form.  If information is not applicable, please write “N/A” in the block.  Print and bring the DS-260 form confirmation page to the visa interview.  Please review the DS-260 FAQs, our Online Immigrant Visa Forms page, or contact the NVC at NVCAdoptions@state.gov or +1-603-334-0700 if you have questions about completing the online DS-260 form. 

It is not usually possible to provide the visa to adoptive parents on the same day as the immigrant visa interview. Adoptive parents should verify current processing times with the U.S. Embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei before making final travel arrangements.

Child Citizenship Act

For adoptions finalized abroad prior to the child’s entry into the United States: An adopted child residing in the United States in the legal and physical custody of the U.S. citizen parent pursuant to a lawful admission for permanent residence generally will acquire U.S. citizenship automatically upon entry into the United States if the child otherwise meets the requirements of the Child Citizenship Act of 2000, including the child is under the age of eighteen. 

For adoptions finalized after the child’s entry into the United States:  You will need to complete an adoption following your child’s entry into the United States and before the child turns eighteen for the child (if he or she otherwise meets the requirements of the Child Citizenship Act of 2000) to automatically acquire U.S. citizenship. 

Read more about the Child Citizenship Act of 2000.

Applying for Your U.S. Passport

U.S. citizens are required to enter and depart the United States on a valid U.S. passport. Once your child has acquired U.S. citizenship, s/he will need a U.S. passport for any international travel. Only the U.S. Department of State has the authority to grant, issue, or verify U.S. passports. 

Getting or renewing a passport is easy. The Department of State’s Passport Application Wizard will help you determine which passport form you need, help you to complete the form online, estimate your payment, and generate the form for you to print—all in one place.

Obtaining a Visa to Travel to Brunei

In addition to a U.S. passport, you may also need to obtain a visa. Where required, visas are affixed to your passport and allow you to enter a foreign nation. To find information about obtaining a visa for Brunei, see the Department of State’s Country Specific Information.

Staying Safe on Your Trip

Before you travel, it is always a good practice to investigate the local conditions, laws, political landscape, and culture of the country. The Department of State provides Country Specific Information for every country in the world about various issues, including health conditions, crime, currency or entry requirements, and any areas of instability.

Staying in Touch on Your Trip

When traveling during the adoption process, we encourage you to enroll with the Department of State through our Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive important information from the Embassy about safety conditions in your destination country.  Enrollment makes it possible for the U.S. Embassy or Consulate in Brunei, to contact you in an emergency, whether natural disaster, civil unrest, or family emergency. 

Enrollment is free and can be done online via the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)

Post-Adoption Resources

Many adoptive parents find it important to find support after the adoption. There are many public and private nonprofit post-adoption services available for children and their families. There are also numerous adoptive family support groups and adoptee organizations active in the United States that provide a network of options for adoptees who seek out other adoptees from the same country of origin.  Take advantage of all the resources available to your family, whether it is another adoptive family, a support group, an advocacy organization, or your religious or community services.  Your primary provider can provide or point you to post- placement/post-adoption services to help your adopted child and your family transition smoothly and deal effectively with the many adjustments required in an intercountry adoption.  

Here are some places to start your support group search: 

• Child Welfare Information Gateway
• North American Council on Adoptable Children

Note:  Inclusion of non-U.S. government links does not imply endorsement of contents.

COMPLAINTS

If you have concerns about your adoption process, we ask that you share this information with the Embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei, particularly if it involves possible fraud or misconduct specific to your child’s case. The Department of State takes all allegations of fraud or misconduct seriously. Our Adoption Comment Page provides several points of contact for adoptive families to comment on their adoption service provider, their experience applying for their child’s visa, or about the Form I-600 petition process. 

The Hague Complaint Registry is an internet based registry for filing complaints about U.S. accredited or approved adoption service providers. If you think your provider's conduct may have been out of substantial compliance with accreditation standards, first submit your complaint in writing directly to your provider. If the complaint is not resolved through the provider's complaint process, you may file the complaint through the Hague Complaint Registry. 

U.S. Embassy in Brunei
Simpang 336-52-16-9
Jalan Duta
Bandar Seri Begawan BC4115, Brunei Darussalam
Tel: +(673) 238-4616
Fax: +(673) 238-4606
Email: ConsularBrunei@state.gov

Brunei’s Adoption Authority
Community Development Department
Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports
Simpang 336-17, Jalan Kebangsaan
Bandar Seri Begawan, BB 4310, Brunei Darussalam
Tel: +673.238.0664 / 0667 / 0678
Email: info@japem.gov.bn

Embassy of Brunei
3520 International Ct NW, Washington, DC 20008
Tel: (202) 237-1838
Fax: (202) 885 0560
Email: info@bruneiembassy.org

Office of Children’s Issues
U.S. Department of State
CA/OCS/CI
SA-17, 9th Floor
Washington, D.C. 20522-1709
Email: Adoption@state.gov
Internet: adoption.state.gov

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)
For questions about filing a Form I-800A application or a Form I-800 petition:
USCIS National Benefits Center (NBC):
Tel: 1-877-424-8374 (toll free); 1-913-275-5480 (local); Fax: 1- 913-214-5808
Email: NBC.Adoptions@uscis.dhs.gov

For general questions about immigration procedures:
USCIS Contact Center
Tel: 1-800-375-5283 (TTY 1-800-767-1833)
Internet: uscis.gov